Layered double hydroxides-based photocatalysts and visible-light driven photodegradation of organic pollutants: A review

Mg–Zn–Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with varying amounts of zinc were prepared by the coprecipitation method. Solids were analyzed by XRD and N 2 physisorption, confirming the formation of pure LDH phase; and the production of mixed oxides with high specific surface areas (182–276 m 2  g −1 ) after calcination. Band gap energy was also determined, presenting the expected decreasing tendency on increasing zinc amounts. These mixed oxides were tested both for the adsorption of 2,4 dichlorophenoxiacetic acid (2,4- d ) and for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4- d and phenol. Nearly total (97%) degradation of initial 1.45 mmol L −1 of 2,4- d , with 1 g calcined LDH per liter, was accomplished in 9 h, while phenol half-life was as short as 3.5 h, with the catalyst with lowest zinc amount (5 wt.%). Langmuir adsorption isotherms are presented. Solids were also characterized by XRD and FTIR analysis after photocatalytic and adsorption activity, to determine the presence of 2,4- d . The versatility of LDH decomposition products in the elimination of different contaminants by different mechanisms puts them forward as a viable alternative for environmental remediation.

Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,4 dichlorophenoxiacetic acid by Mg-Zn-Al layered double hydroxides

Zn–Al layered double hydroxides: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application

Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were synthesized by a simple, environment friendly method; then, cerium oxide was incorporated following two different procedures. Thus obtained bifunctional basic/semiconducting catalysts were characterized by several techniques, such as XRD, SEM/EDS, chemical analysis and N 2 physisorption, to investigate their crystalline structure, morphology, CeO 2 content and textural properties. The band gap energy was determined to be ∼3.2 eV. The photocatalytic properties of the Ce–Mg–Al system were tested for the first time for the degradation, under UV irradiation, of three major pollutants: phenol, 4-chlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. The results obtained with phenol, which is the most recalcitrant of the studied molecules, were by far superior to those obtained with benchmark Degussa P25 TiO 2 photocatalyst tested under the same conditions. Furthermore, a charge-transfer mechanism is proposed as the initiator of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 4-chlorophenol.

Highly efficient photocatalytic elimination of phenol and chlorinated phenols by CeO2/MgAl layered double hydroxides

Synthesis and characterization of [Zn–Al] LDH: Study of the effect of calcination on the photocatalytic activity

ZnAl-layer double hydroxides as photocatalysts for oxidation of phenol in aqueous solution

The invention relates to a flameproof, essentially halogen-free polymer composition, containing the following: a) 100 parts by weight of a thermoplastic, cross-linkable or cross-linked, elastomeric and/or duroplastic polymer; b) 10 to 200 parts by weight of magnesium, calcium, zink and/or aluminiumhydroxide and/or their double hydroxides; c) 1 to 50 parts by weight of an organic intercalated sheet silicate.

Flameproof polymer composition

The invention relates to the use of a layered silicate, activated using acid, for the adsorption of mycotoxins, whereby the layered silicate, containing less than 10 wt - % acid, in relation to the absolutely dry layered silicate, is activated at a temperature below 80° C The invention also relates to an animal feed preparation and a method for treating animal feed, in which said mycotoxin adsorbent is used

Use of activated layered silicates for the adsorption of mycotoxins

The invention relates to graft polymers or copolymers of structure type (I), wherein (Ba) to (Bb) mean identical or different base polymer chains, optionally with free valencies for forming a cross-linked structure; Zx to Zz mean identical or different central units, optionally with free valencies for forming a cross-linked structure; (S1) to (S4) mean identical or different polar or non-polar side chains; m = 1 - 10 and n means a whole number from 0 to 5000 and the structure is saturated with any end groups, characterised in that the central unit Zx to Zz represents an aminoplast central unit based on a melamine formaldehyde or urea formaldehyde resin.

Graft polymers or graft copolymers

A compound material containing a polymer matrix and a modified organic double layer hydroxide, in which monomers or oligomeric anionic organic compounds with more than 6 C, or if less than 6 C have a double bond, are interposed between the layers, and the X-ray determined distance between the interposed double layers is 1.5 nm is new. An Independent claim is included for preparation of the compound material involving: (a) preparation of an organic double layer hydroxide interposed as above; (b) incorporation of the interposed organic double layer hydroxide into a monomer, oligomer, or polymer; (c) optional polycondensation, polymerization, or thermal or chemical crosslinking of the monomer or oligomer; (d) casting, extruding, and/or injection molding of the monomer or oligomer.

A compound material with a polymer matrix and a double layer hydroxide with anionic compounds between the layers useful for nano-composite-fillers in polymer matrixes avoids the use of expensive quaternary ammonium compounds

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