https://escholarship.org/content/qt55t519c0/qt55t519c0.pdf?t=o3dosu

"Combo" nanomedicine: Co-delivery of multi-modal therapeutics for efficient, targeted, and safe cancer therapy

Multidisciplinary research at the forefront of the field of hybrid materials has paved the way to the development of endless examples of smart devices. One appealing concept in this fertile field is related to the design of gated materials. These are constructed for finely tuning the delivery of chemical or biochemical species from voids of porous supports to a solution in response to predefined stimuli. Such gated materials are composed mainly of two subunits: (i) a porous inorganic support in which a cargo is loaded and (ii) certain molecular or supramolecular entities, generally grafted onto the external surface, which can control mass transport from pores. On the basis of this concept, a large number of imaginative examples have been developed. This review intends to be a comprehensive analysis of papers published until 2014 on hybrid mesoporous gated materials. The molecules used as gates, the opening mechanisms, and controlled release behavior are detailed. We hope this review will not only help res...

/pdf/gated-materials-for-on-command-release-of-guest-molecules-b98zx3v5bi.pdf

Gated Materials for On-Command Release of Guest Molecules

Initially used extensively as an additive and ingredient in the food industry, alginate has become an important compound for a wide range of industries and applications, such as the medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetics sectors. In the food industry, alginate has been used to coat fruits and vegetables, as a microbial and viral protection product, and as a gelling, thickening, stabilizing or emulsifying agent. Its biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity and the possibility of it being used in quantum satis doses prompted scientists to explore new properties for alginate usage. Thus, the use of alginate has been expanded so as to be directed towards the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries, where studies have shown that it can be used successfully as biomaterial for wound, hydrogel, and aerogel dressings, among others. Furthermore, the ability to encapsulate natural substances has led to the possibility of using alginate as a drug coating and drug delivery agent, including the encapsulation of probiotics. This is important considering the fact that, until recently, encapsulation and coating agents used in the pharmaceutical industry were limited to the use of lactose, a potentially allergenic agent or gelatin. Obtained at a relatively low cost from marine brown algae, this hydrocolloid can also be used as a potential tool in the management of diabetes, not only as an insulin delivery agent but also due to its ability to improve insulin resistance, attenuate chronic inflammation and decrease oxidative stress. In addition, alginate has been recognized as a potential weight loss treatment, as alginate supplementation has been used as an adjunct treatment to energy restriction, to enhance satiety and improve weight loss in obese individuals. Thus, alginate holds the promise of an effective product used in the food industry as well as in the management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. This review highlights recent research advances on the characteristics of alginate and brings to the forefront the beneficial aspects of using alginate, from the food industry to the biomedical field.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/10/2417/pdf

Alginate: From Food Industry to Biomedical Applications and Management of Metabolic Disorders.

Acquired radiation resistance is one of the major causes of radio therapy failure and subsequent tumor relapse. Multiple approaches have been utilized to limit the radiation resistance while simultaneously enhancing the efficacy and safety of radiation therapy. The three major approaches for the improvement of radiation therapy have involved (I) ehancing radiosensitization of tumor tissue; (II) rversing of radiation resistance in tumor tissue; and (III) ehancing radioresistance of the healthy tissue. Nanoparticles have played a key role in the enhancement of the radiation therapy by acting both as a therapeutic as well as a carrier for other therapeutics. In this review we summarize the research being carried out using different species of nanoparticles for enhanced radiosensitization in cancer.

/pdf/nanoparticles-in-radiation-therapy-a-summary-of-various-1l17a33mpt.pdf

Nanoparticles in radiation therapy: a summary of various approaches to enhance radiosensitization in cancer

Environmental pollution problems caused by plastic-based packaging promote alternative sustainable solutions to be imminent. Chitosan and gelatin are attracting great attentions in food packaging applications and representing interesting biomaterials for developing edible packaging film due to their excellent inherent properties including degradability, edibility, film-forming property and compatible nature. With the development of technology and economy, food-grade chitosan and food-grade gelatin are emerging and produced under legislation or standards proposed by the government or organization. These chitosan and gelatin could form uniform film-forming solutions and fabricate edible films by strategies including casting, electrospinning and thermoplastic method. The emerging chitosan-gelatin composite films with excellent physical properties including mechanical property, surface hydrophobic property, color property, barrier property and thermal property have achieved great developments. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in legislation of raw materials, fabrication strategies and physical properties of chitosan-gelatin based edible films.

Edible films from chitosan-gelatin: Physical properties and food packaging application

Mesoporous silica coated gold nanorods loaded doxorubicin for combined chemo-photothermal therapy.

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with unique physical, chemical and biological properties that potentiates its use in many biomedical applications. In this study, chitosan thin film was doped with different concentrations of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100−400 μg) to improve its mechanical and antimicrobial activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles. The silver-doped chitosan films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) in addition to assessment of their mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The characterization results revealed the successful formation of spherical silver nanoparticles with a size distribution of 100 nm ± 40 nm. The mechanical properties of chitosan film doped with silver nanoparticles (300, 400 μg) showed superior mechanical properties over pure chitosan film. Compared with pure chitosan film, silver nanoparticles doped chitosan films showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan film doped with 300 μg AgNPs showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared with pure chitosan. Accordingly, doping of chitosan film with silver nanoparticles greatly improves its mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity.

Evaluation of the mechanical, physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan thin films doped with greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles

Alginate-coated caseinate nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery: Preparation, characterisation, and in vivo assessment.

Over the last decade, chitosan films have promising applications due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and mucoadhesive nature; haemostatic effects; as well as antimicrobial and biological activities. The conjugation of chitosan with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to form a nanocomposite film will greatly affect the structural properties of chitosan film. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of chitosan films doped with different concentrations of SNPs (100–400 μg). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were measured for pure chitosan and chitosan films doped with SNPs (100–400 μg). XRD pattern for chitosan film doped with the highest concentration of SNPs (400 μg) showed a decrease in the crystallinity of the chitosan matrix compared with the other doped films. Also, DMA results showed that the storage modulus of the nanocomposite films is dependent on the concentration of SNPs. Accordingly, chitosan film doped with high concentration of SNPs (400 μg) affected the structure and viscoelastic behaviour of chitosan. Thus, the integration of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using aloe vera extract with chitosan films identifies promising candidate in biomedical applications.

Enhancement of the dynamic mechanical properties of chitosan thin films by crosslinking with greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles

Incorporating silver nanoshell-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles improves physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan films.

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