Environmental pollution problems caused by plastic-based packaging promote alternative sustainable solutions to be imminent. Chitosan and gelatin are attracting great attentions in food packaging applications and representing interesting biomaterials for developing edible packaging film due to their excellent inherent properties including degradability, edibility, film-forming property and compatible nature. With the development of technology and economy, food-grade chitosan and food-grade gelatin are emerging and produced under legislation or standards proposed by the government or organization. These chitosan and gelatin could form uniform film-forming solutions and fabricate edible films by strategies including casting, electrospinning and thermoplastic method. The emerging chitosan-gelatin composite films with excellent physical properties including mechanical property, surface hydrophobic property, color property, barrier property and thermal property have achieved great developments. This article comprehensively reviews recent advances in legislation of raw materials, fabrication strategies and physical properties of chitosan-gelatin based edible films.

Edible films from chitosan-gelatin: Physical properties and food packaging application

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most explored categories of nanomaterials for new and improved biomaterials and biotechnologies, with impressive use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry, anti-infective therapy and wound care, food and the textile industry. Their extensive and versatile applicability relies on the genuine and easy-tunable properties of nanosilver, including remarkable physicochemical behavior, exceptional antimicrobial efficiency, anti-inflammatory action and antitumor activity. Besides commercially available and clinically safe AgNPs-based products, a substantial number of recent studies assessed the applicability of nanosilver as therapeutic agents in augmented and alternative strategies for cancer therapy, sensing and diagnosis platforms, restorative and regenerative biomaterials. Given the beneficial interactions of AgNPs with living structures and their nontoxic effects on healthy human cells, they represent an accurate candidate for various biomedical products. In the present review, the most important and recent applications of AgNPs in biomedical products and biomedicine are considered.

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/10/11/2318/pdf

An Updated Review on Silver Nanoparticles in Biomedicine.

Nanomaterials represent a promising novel class of materials to be used as antibacterial solutions. Inhomogeneity of synthesis and characterization methods, as well as resulting variate physical and chemical properties make selection of proper nanostructure difficult when designing antimicrobial experiments. Present study focuses on the already existing evidence regarding silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications, with focus on various modulatory factors of reported antimicrobial efficiency. Present paper focuses on synthesis and characterization methods, factors modulating antibacterial efficiency, laboratory quantification procedures, as well as up–to-date knowledge on mechanisms of antibacterial action for silver nanoparticles. Moreover, challenges and future prospects for antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/3/1120/pdf

Review on Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Class of Antibacterial Solutions

Food packaging systems are continually impacted by the growing demand for minimally processed foods, changing eating habits, and food safety risks. Minimally processed foods are prone to the growth of harmful microbes, compromising quality and safety. As a result, the need for improved food shelf life and protection against foodborne diseases alongside consumer preference for minimally processed foods with no or lesser synthetic additives foster the development of innovative technologies such as antimicrobial packaging. It is a form of active packaging that can release antimicrobial substances to suppress the activities of specific microorganisms, thereby improving food quality and safety during long-term storage. However, antimicrobial packaging continues to be a very challenging technology. This study highlights antimicrobial packaging concepts, providing different antimicrobial substances used in food packaging. We review various types of antimicrobial systems. Emphasis is given to the effectiveness of antimicrobial packaging in various food applications, including fresh and minimally processed fruit and vegetables and meat and dairy products. For the development of antimicrobial packaging, several approaches have been used, including the use of antimicrobial sachets inside packaging, packaging films, and coatings incorporating active antimicrobial agents. Due to their antimicrobial activity and capacity to extend food shelf life, regulate or inhibit the growth of microorganisms and ultimately reduce the potential risk of health hazards, natural antimicrobial agents are gaining significant importance and attention in developing antimicrobial packaging systems. Selecting the best antimicrobial packaging system for a particular product depends on its nature, desired shelf life, storage requirements, and legal considerations. The current review is expected to contribute to research on the potential of antimicrobial packaging to extend the shelf life of food and also serves as a good reference for food innovation information.

/pdf/a-review-on-antimicrobial-packaging-for-extending-the-shelf-2760gcic.pdf

A Review on Antimicrobial Packaging for Extending the Shelf Life of Food

Effect of Kaolin clay and Ficus carica mediated silver nanoparticles on chitosan food packaging film for fresh apple slice preservation.

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with unique physical, chemical and biological properties that potentiates its use in many biomedical applications. In this study, chitosan thin film was doped with different concentrations of green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (100−400 μg) to improve its mechanical and antimicrobial activity. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–vis absorption spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the silver nanoparticles. The silver-doped chitosan films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) in addition to assessment of their mechanical and antimicrobial properties. The characterization results revealed the successful formation of spherical silver nanoparticles with a size distribution of 100 nm ± 40 nm. The mechanical properties of chitosan film doped with silver nanoparticles (300, 400 μg) showed superior mechanical properties over pure chitosan film. Compared with pure chitosan film, silver nanoparticles doped chitosan films showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Chitosan film doped with 300 μg AgNPs showed significant antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared with pure chitosan. Accordingly, doping of chitosan film with silver nanoparticles greatly improves its mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity.

Evaluation of the mechanical, physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan thin films doped with greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles

Over the last decade, chitosan films have promising applications due to their biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and mucoadhesive nature; haemostatic effects; as well as antimicrobial and biological activities. The conjugation of chitosan with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to form a nanocomposite film will greatly affect the structural properties of chitosan film. This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of chitosan films doped with different concentrations of SNPs (100–400 μg). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were measured for pure chitosan and chitosan films doped with SNPs (100–400 μg). XRD pattern for chitosan film doped with the highest concentration of SNPs (400 μg) showed a decrease in the crystallinity of the chitosan matrix compared with the other doped films. Also, DMA results showed that the storage modulus of the nanocomposite films is dependent on the concentration of SNPs. Accordingly, chitosan film doped with high concentration of SNPs (400 μg) affected the structure and viscoelastic behaviour of chitosan. Thus, the integration of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using aloe vera extract with chitosan films identifies promising candidate in biomedical applications.

Enhancement of the dynamic mechanical properties of chitosan thin films by crosslinking with greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can be used in biomedical applications, tissue engineering, and wound dressing because of its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity. The blending of chitosan films with natural biomaterials such as cellulose, honey, and curcumin was studied at different concentrations in order to improve their physical properties. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, mechanical tensile properties, X-ray diffraction (XRD), antibacterial effects, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were studied for all blended films. The XRD, FTIR, and mechanical results showed that films blended with curcumin were more rigid and compatible and had higher antibacterial effects than other blended films. In addition, XRD and SEM showed that blending chitosan films with curcumin decreases the crystallinity of the chitosan matrix compared to cellulose and honey blending films due to increased intermolecular hydrogen bonding, which reduces the close packing of the CS matrix.

/pdf/improvement-of-chitosan-films-properties-by-blending-with-1g3dyiwn.pdf

Improvement of Chitosan Films Properties by Blending with Cellulose, Honey and Curcumin

Improving the physical properties of chitosan films by irradiation with different doses (5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 kGy) of γ-rays to be used as a wound healing material. Mechanical properties and dielectric spectroscopy were measured for the films. Results showed that at low γ-dose, tensile strength (TS) elongation percent (E%) increase, while E-modulus, e′, e″ and δA.C decrease due to the accumulation of ions between the chitosan chains which make a bulk network due to hydrogen bonds. This will make the film more elastic and high biodegradable which is preferred in wound healing. While the contrary was observed by increasing the radiation dose, chain scission occur resulting in weak chitosan interchain bonds and this will increase the mobility of the segments which increase the rigidity. In conclusion, the dose of 5 kGy was the most optimum for the properties of chitosan films used in the application of wound healing.

Improvement of the physical properties of chitosan by γ-ray degradation for wound healing

BACKGROUND: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) can provide the valuable cardiac functions.Image quality in nuclear medicine tomography is critically dependent on the activity administered into patients. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the optimum injected dose of 99mTc-MIBI for quantitative assessment of image quality as compared with standard injected dose used for that purpose. METHODS: The image quality parameters (Contrast, relative noise and contrast to noise ratio) were determined in 32 patients (21 male, 11 female, age 45–60 y) with weight 60 ± 15 kg. Patients were classified into four groups; each one consisted of 8 patients. The first group received 370 MBq, the second one received 555 MBq, the third group received 740 MBq and the last group received 925 MBq. RESULTS:Qualitative assessments of the images revealed equivalent scintigraphic patterns in all patients. There was a significant difference in the image contrast. The image contrast in the 370 MBq group was greater than other groups. The image noise between the four groups was significantly different. It increased with injected dose reduction. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was significantly different between 370 MBq and other groups. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that results from the first group which received 370 MBq are sufficiently similar to those of the fourth group (standard group) which received 925 MBq. Consequently,accurate estimations of differential cardiac functions are possible with the 370 MBq dose.

Quantitative evaluation of the administrated dose affecting image quality in myocardial perfusion SPECT

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Noha G. Madian

Author Tools

Chat about Author