: The unpolarized absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the fundamental vibrational transitions of the chiral molecule, 4-methyl-2-oxetanone, are calculated ab initio. Harmonic force fields are obtained using Density Functional Theory (DFT), MP2, and SCF methodologies and a 5S4P2D/3S2P (TZ2P) basis set. DFT calculations use the Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA), BLYP, and Becke3LYP (B3LYP) density functionals. Mid-IR spectra predicted using LSDA, BLYP, and B3LYP force fields are of significantly different quality, the B3LYP force field yielding spectra in clearly superior, and overall excellent, agreement with experiment. The MP2 force field yields spectra in slightly worse agreement with experiment than the B3LYP force field. The SCF force field yields spectra in poor agreement with experiment.The basis set dependence of B3LYP force fields is also explored: the 6-31G* and TZ2P basis sets give very similar results while the 3-21G basis set yields spectra in substantially worse agreements with experiment. jg

Ab initio calculation of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra using density functional force fields

The American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) Journal of Clinical Apheresis (JCA) Special Issue Writing Committee is charged with reviewing, updating, and categorizing indications for the evidence-based use of therapeutic apheresis in human disease. Since the 2007 JCA Special Issue (Fourth Edition), the Committee has incorporated systematic review and evidence-based approaches in the grading and categorization of apheresis indications. This Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue continues to maintain this methodology and rigor to make recommendations on the use of apheresis in a wide variety of diseases/conditions. The JCA Seventh Edition, like its predecessor, has consistently applied the category and grading system definitions in the fact sheets. The general layout and concept of a fact sheet that was used since the fourth edition has largely been maintained in this edition. Each fact sheet succinctly summarizes the evidence for the use of therapeutic apheresis in a specific disease entity. The Seventh Edition discusses 87 fact sheets (14 new fact sheets since the Sixth Edition) for therapeutic apheresis diseases and medical conditions, with 179 indications, which are separately graded and categorized within the listed fact sheets. Several diseases that are Category IV which have been described in detail in previous editions and do not have significant new evidence since the last publication are summarized in a separate table. The Seventh Edition of the JCA Special Issue serves as a key resource that guides the utilization of therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of human disease. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:149-162, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Guidelines on the Use of Therapeutic Apheresis in Clinical Practice—Evidence-Based Approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for Apheresis: The Sixth Special Issue

Prior to the work of Cable and Hopp (J. Parasit. 40(6): 674.680, 1954) Neoechinorhynchus emydis (L e i d y, 1851) was the only recognized species of Acanthocephala in North American turtles. To date, a total of five species have been described. Of these, two species (Neoechinorbynchus pseudemydis Cable and Hopp, 1954, and N. emyditoides Fisher, 1960) were recovered from six of 12 Louisiana turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans (Wied)) examined by Fisher (J. Parasit. 46(2): 257-266, 1960). He (1960) also found N. chrysemydis Cable and Hopp, 1954 in Pseudemys scripta subsp. The data pt .sented are results of studies conducted between the spring of 1965 and the summer of 1966. Seventynine turtles (48 female and 31 males) encompassing seven species (47 Pseudemys scripta elegans (Wied), three P. floridana hoyi (Holbrook), eight Chelydra serpentina serpentina (L.), eight Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis Gray, seven Terrapene carolina carolina (L.), five T. c. triunguis (Agassiz) and one Trionyx muticus (LeSueur) collected from Baton Rouge and vicinity were examined. This investigation revealed the presence of three species of Acanthocephala (Neoechinorhynchus pseudemydis, N. emyditoides, and N. chrysemydis) in Louisiana turtles and confirms Fisher’s (1960) work. Of the seven species of turtles examined, only P. s. e!egans (25 16 females and 9 males) and P. floridana hoyi (2 females) were positive with infection. Three of the 25 P. s. e!egans had mixed infection comprising three species of Neoechinorhynchus while seven had two species respectively. P. f!oridana hoyi represents a host record for N. chrysemydis;

/pdf/myiasis-in-man-and-animals-in-the-old-world-2flislkl8i.pdf

Myiasis in man and animals in the old world

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/bitstream/handle/11343/280247/PIIS2214109X20304885.pdf

The Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health: vision beyond 2020.

Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica, initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

A 22-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and discomfort for the previous 2 months in the right hypochondriac region along with complaints of low-grade fever (99 to 100°F) for the past 3 days. There was no history of jaundice, vomiting, change in bowel habits, or any other known illnesses. She has never travelled outside her homeland, India. The patient has been an animal lover and had been engaged in feeding stray animals (mainly dogs) since her childhood. On clinical examination, the abdomen was soft, nontender with no distension. Her complete blood counts were within normal limits, with total leukocyte count of 10,690/μL (reference range, 4,000 to 11,000/μL), differential leukocyte count with 57% neutrophils (reference range, 40 to 80%), 19.2% lymphocytes (reference range, 20 to 40%), 6.6% monocytes (reference range, 2 to 10%), and 0.5% basophils (reference range, 0 to 1%) with increased eosinophils of 16.7% (reference range, 1 to 6%). Her hemoglobin level was 7.8 g/dL (reference range, 12.0 to 15.0 g/dL). Considering her chief complaint, ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen was performed and revealed cysts in both lobes of the liver with no perihepatic collection or ascites. Cyst fluid obtained by ultrasound-guided aspiration was sent for microbiological investigations, and the findings observed on microscopic examination are shown in Fig. 1. 

Photo Quiz: A 22-Year-Old with Abdominal Pain

A curious case of two brothers with recurrent chronic skin ulceration.

We read with interest the current consensus statement on management of acute liver failure in infants and children [1]. Pediatric acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating disease in which previously healthy children rapidly lose hepatic function due to a variety of causes and become critically ill within days. Management is largely supportive and only few conditions are amenable to directed therapy, such as acute acetaminophen toxicity. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) replenishes mitochondrial and cytosolic glutathione stores and is the treatment of choice for acute acetaminophen toxicity. Studies in the past have shown some role of NAC in non-acetaminophen ALF [2,3].

/pdf/n-acetyl-cysteine-in-non-acetaminophen-pediatric-acute-liver-48jwae1zbt.pdf

N-Acetyl cysteine in non-acetaminophen pediatric acute liver failure: Recent evidence !

Gallbladder (GB) empyema is an uncommon complication in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Non-specific signs and symptoms and rarity of disease in AML make it difficult to diagnose early. We report a case of 13-year-old boy who had AML and developed GB empyema in the neutropaenic period. The patient was managed with antibiotics, ultrasound-guided tapping and interval cholecystectomy and recovered well. GB empyema is a life-threatening complication which should be kept as a possibility while evaluating patients with neutropaenia with pain abdomen localised to right hypochondrium as early diagnosis and treatment can lead to better outcomes.

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/casereports/2018/bcr-2018-224359.full.pdf

Gallbladder empyema complicating acute myeloid leukaemia in an adolescent boy

Whereas the reaction between 2-acylphenols and 4-nitrobenzaldehydes yields 3-benzofuranones, utilisation of 2-nitrobenzaldehyde provides the corresponding flavone product.

Piperidine-Mediated Annulation of 2-Acylphenols with 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde to 3-Benzofuranones.

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