Abstract Particle physics today faces the challenge of explaining the mystery of dark matter, the origin of matter over anti-matter in the Universe, the origin of the neutrino masses, the apparent fine-tuning of the electro-weak scale, and many other aspects of fundamental physics. Perhaps the most striking frontier to emerge in the search for answers involves new physics at mass scales comparable to familiar matter, below the GeV-scale, or even radically below, down to sub-eV scales, and with very feeble interaction strength. New theoretical ideas to address dark matter and other fundamental questions predict such feebly interacting particles (FIPs) at these scales, and indeed, existing data provide numerous hints for such possibility. A vibrant experimental program to discover such physics is under way, guided by a systematic theoretical approach firmly grounded on the underlying principles of the Standard Model. This document represents the report of the FIPs 2022 workshop, held at CERN between the 17 and 21 October 2022 and aims to give an overview of these efforts, their motivations, and the decadal goals that animate the community involved in the search for FIPs. 

Feebly-interacting particles: FIPs 2022 Workshop Report

The Mu2e experiment will measure the charged-lepton flavor violating (CLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in the field of a nucleus. The conversion process results in a monochromatic electron with an energy of 104.97 MeV, slightly below the muon rest mass. The goal of the experiment is to improve the previous measurement by four orders of magnitude and reach of a SES (single event sensitivity) of 3 x 10^{-17} on the conversion rate, a 90% CL of 8 x 10^{-17}, and a 5sigma discovery reach at 2 x 10^{-16}$. The experiment goal is obtained with a intense pulsed negative muon beam. The pulsed beam is essential to reducing backgrounds. The other essential element is a sophisticated magnetic system composed of three consecutive solenoids to form the muon beam. Mu2e will use an aluminum target and examine ~10^{18} stopped muons in three years of running. The Mu2e experiment is under design and construction at the Fermilab Muon Campus. The experiment will begin data-taking near the end of 2020 with 3 years of running from 2021 to 2023. Upgrades to other materials than aluminum are already planned. This article is written specifically for younger researchers to bridge the gap between conference presentations and detailed design reports, and examines issues not covered in the former without the details of the latter.

The Mu2e Experiment

The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the neutrinoless μ−→e− conversion in the field of an aluminum nucleus. The Mu2e data-taking plan assumes two running periods, Run I and Run II, separated by an approximately two-year-long shutdown. This paper presents an estimate of the expected Mu2e Run I search sensitivity and includes a detailed discussion of the background sources, uncertainties of their prediction, analysis procedures, and the optimization of the experimental sensitivity. The expected Run I 5σ discovery sensitivity is Rμe=1.2×10−15, with a total expected background of 0.11±0.03 events. In the absence of a signal, the expected upper limit is Rμe<6.2×10−16 at 90% CL. This represents a three order of magnitude improvement over the current experimental limit of Rμe<7×10−13 at 90% CL set by the SINDRUM II experiment.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/9/1/54/pdf?version=1673879169

Mu2e Run I Sensitivity Projections for the Neutrinoless Conversion Search in Aluminum

The cosmic-ray-veto detector (CRV) for the Mu2e experiment consists of four layers of plastic scintillating counters read out by silicon photo-multipliers (SiPM) through wavelength-shifting fibers. This paper reports the light properties of several wavelength-shifting fiber samples with diameters of 1.0 mm, 1.4 mm, and 1.8 mm that were considered for the CRV system. A fiber diameter of 1.4 mm was selected as optimal for the CRV, and measurements of the prototype and production fiber of this diameter are presented. Fiber performance was found to exceed the CRV requirements for >99% of the spools. The measurements are performed using a scanner designed to ensure the fiber quality for the CRV.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-0221/13/12/P12028/pdf

Performance of wavelength-shifting fibers for the Mu2e cosmic ray veto detector

The Mu2e experiment will measure the charged-lepton flavor violating
(CLFV) neutrino-less conversion of a negative muon into an electron in
the field of a nucleus. Mu2e will improve the previous measurement by
four orders of magnitude, reaching a 90% C.L. limit of
8\times10^{-17}8×10−17
on the conversion rate. The experiment will reach mass scales of nearly
10^4104
TeV, far beyond the direct reach of colliders. The experiment is
sensitive to a wide range of new physics, complementing and extending
other CLFV searches. Mu2e is under design and construction at the Muon
Campus of Fermilab; we expect to start taking physics data in 2022 with
3 years of running to achieve our target sensitivity.

/pdf/searching-for-muon-to-electron-conversion-the-mu2e-41o69j61m3.pdf

Searching for muon to electron conversion: The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab

Photoelectron yields of extruded scintillation counters with titanium dioxide coating and embedded wavelength shifting fibers read out by silicon photomultipliers have been measured at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility using 120 GeV protons. The yields were measured as a function of transverse, longitudinal, and angular positions for a variety of scintillator compositions, reflective coating mixtures, and fiber diameters. Timing performance was also studied. These studies were carried out by the Cosmic Ray Veto Group of the Mu2e collaboration as part of their R&D program.

Photoelectron yields of scintillation counters with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers read out with silicon photomultipliers

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Photoelectron yields of scintillation counters with embedded wavelength-shifting fibers read out with silicon photomultipliers