Amide bond forming reactions are critical for both polypeptide synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Most current approaches for amidation employ stoichiometric activating agents, but such methods are neither atom economical nor synthetically elegant. Catalytic approaches for amidation are potentially green and more ideal substitutes for current standard methods and thus are the subject of this review. Such methods face significant thermodynamic and kinetic barriers and have, as a result, historically conceded the use of elevated temperatures and dehydrating agents or lacked broad and relevant substrate scopes from the perspective of peptide chemistry. Recent advancements in methods for both direct amidation (the coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine) and indirect amidation (the coupling of other partners resulting in an amide bond) based on aryl boronic acids, transition metals and organocatalysis for the former and ester amidation and redox‐coupled amidation for the later, address these previous shortcomings and are examined therein.

Recent developments in catalytic amide bond formation

This review describes the practical aspects involved in the implementation of large-scale amidations in process chemistry. Coupling reagent, base, additive, and solvent selections are critically analyzed to highlight their pros and cons. Other important factors to be considered on large scale, such as atom economy, cost, safety, and toxicity, are also examined. These concepts are then showcased through selected examples from the literature for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. 

Large-Scale Amidations in Process Chemistry: Practical Considerations for Reagent Selection and Reaction Execution

Amide bond formation: beyond the dilemma between activation and racemisation.

The promotion of NH3-SCR performance by AC addition on Mn-Fe/Z catalyst

Abstract Two simple, efficient, and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of various N-arylacetamides via N-acetylation of arylamines and straightforward one-pot reductive acetylation of aromatic nitro compounds promoted by CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in water at reflux have been developed. The prepared CuFe2O4 MNPs are well known and fully characterized by various techniques. Furthermore, the CuFe2O4 NPs easily separated from the reaction environment using an external magnetic field and can be reused for several times without significant loss of its activity for both mentioned reactions.

/pdf/two-different-facile-and-efficient-approaches-for-the-32wzcx7rel.pdf

Two different facile and efficient approaches for the synthesis of various N-arylacetamides via N-acetylation of arylamines and straightforward one-pot reductive acetylation of nitroarenes promoted by recyclable CuFe2O4 nanoparticles in water

Mechanistic insights into the cobalt promotion on low-temperature NH3-SCR reactivity of Cu/SSZ-13

Direct Formation of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Catalyzed by Niobium(V) Oxalate Hydrate

Synthesis of Disulfide Surrogate Peptides through a Serine/Threonine Ligation-Assisted Diaminodiacid Strategy.

Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2023, 2201356 https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202201356 The funding information is being corrected from “This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21808115 and 2210020179), Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2021B1515020081), and the start-up supports from Qingdao University.” to “This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22102078 and 22109077), Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (2021B1515020081), National Science Foundation od Shandong Province, China (ZR2021QB091), and the start-up supports from Qingdao University.” The authors and the editorial office sincerely apologize for any inconvenience caused by this correction. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/smtd.202300335

Stable and Ordered Body-Centered Cubic PdCu Phase for Highly Selective Hydrogenation.

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Papers

Mechanistic insights into the cobalt promotion on low-temperature NH3-SCR reactivity of Cu/SSZ-13

Direct Formation of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Catalyzed by Niobium(V) Oxalate Hydrate

Synthesis of Disulfide Surrogate Peptides through a Serine/Threonine Ligation-Assisted Diaminodiacid Strategy.

Stable and Ordered Body-Centered Cubic PdCu Phase for Highly Selective Hydrogenation.