Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already been thoroughly studied in the literature, the number of metasurface-related papers is still growing at a rapid pace, as metasurface research is now spreading to adjacent fields, including computational imaging, augmented and virtual reality, automotive, display, biosensing, nonlinear, quantum and topological optics, optical computing, and more. At the same time, the ability of metasurfaces to perform optical functions in much more compact optical systems has triggered strong and constantly growing interest from various industries that greatly benefit from the availability of miniaturized, highly functional, and efficient optical components that can be integrated in optoelectronic systems at low cost. This creates a truly unique opportunity for the field of metasurfaces to make both a scientific and an industrial impact. The goal of this Roadmap is to mark this "golden age" of metasurface research and define future directions to encourage scientists and engineers to drive research and development in the field of metasurfaces toward both scientific excellence and broad industrial adoption. 

Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces

Polarization and Holography Recording in Real- and k-Space Based on Dielectric Metasurface

Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum have important applications in high dimensional optical information processing, manipulations of tiny particles, super-resolution imaging and so on. Among various optical components, metasurface represents an ideal platform for realizing vortex beams with multiple optical functionalities due to its strong ability in manipulating the phase, polarization and amplitude of light. A metasurface combing the functions of a lens and a vortex beam generator can greatly shrink the size of many optical systems. Here, we alternatively propose a new metasurface design based on the concept of a Fresnel zone plate to generate, focus the vortex beams, and perform on-axis interference between different vortex beams. These functions are experimentally demonstrated through encoding the spiral phase profiles into the odd and even zones of a dielectric metasurface. The proposed vortex beam generation strategy employs the advantages of both the Fresnel zone plate and the metasurface, and may open new routes for high-dimensional optical information processing.

/pdf/dielectric-metasurface-zone-plate-for-the-generation-of-wsr0a0ep98.pdf

Dielectric metasurface zone plate for the generation of focusing vortex beams

Integrated-resonant units (IRUs), associating various meta-atoms, resonant modes, and functionalities into one supercell, have been promising candidates for tailoring composite and multifunctional electromagnetic responses with additional degrees of freedom. Integrated-resonant metadevices can overcome many bottlenecks in conventional optical devices, such as broadband achromatism, efficiency enhancement, response selectivity, and continuous tunability, offering great potential for performant and versatile application scenarios. We focus on the recent progress of integrated-resonant metadevices. Starting from the design principle of IRUs, a variety of IRU-based characteristics and subsequent practical applications, including achromatic imaging, light-field sensing, polarization detection, orbital angular momentum generation, metaholography, nanoprinting, color routing, and nonlinear generation, are introduced. Existing challenges in this field and opinions on future research directions are also provided. 

/pdf/integrated-resonant-metadevices-a-review-2g9esech.pdf

Integrated-resonant metadevices: a review

Significance Vectorial optical holography, as a scheme to control the polarization distributions of light in the Fourier space, has been experimentally demonstrated in the linear optical regime. However, its nonlinear optical counterpart, which can generate the holographic images at different frequencies to that of the incident light, remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate nonlinear vectorial holography through the second harmonic generation process on a quad-atom plasmonic metasurface, which consists of gold meta-atoms with threefold rotational symmetry. The proposed metasurface platform may have important applications in vectorial polarization nonlinear optical source, high-capacity optical information storage, and optical encryption.

Nonlinear vectorial holography with quad-atom metasurfaces

In linear optics, the metasurface represents an ideal platform for encoding optical information because of its unprecedented abilities of manipulating the intensity, polarization, and phase of light wave with subwavelength meta-atoms. However, controlling various degrees of freedom of light in nonlinear optics remains elusive. Here, we propose a nonlinear plasmonic metasurface working in the near-infrared regime that can simultaneously encode optical images in the real and Fourier spaces. This is achieved by designing a diatomic meta-molecule, which enables the independent control of the nonlinear geometric phase, polarization, and intensity of second harmonic waves. The proposed nonlinear diatomic metasurface provides an ultracompact platform for implementing multidimensional optical information encoding and may hold great potential in optical information security and optical anticounterfeiting.

Nonlinear Diatomic Metasurface for Real and Fourier Space Image Encoding.

Nonlinear wavefront engineering with metasurface decorated quartz crystal

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Nonlinear Diatomic Metasurface for Real and Fourier Space Image Encoding.

Nonlinear wavefront engineering with metasurface decorated quartz crystal