X-ray emission from the collisions of 3 MeV Ar11 + ions with V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn is investigated. Both the x-rays of the target atom and projectile are observed simultaneously. The x-ray yield is extracted from the original count. The inner-shell ionization cross section is estimated by the binary encounter approximation model and compared with the experimental result. The remarkable result is that the Ar K-shell x-ray yield is diminished with the target atomic number increasing, which is completely opposite to the theoretical calculation. That is interpreted by the competitive consumption of the energy loss for the ionization of inner-shell electrons between the projectile and target atom.

X ray emission for Ar11+ ions impacting on various targets in the collisions near the Bohr velocity

In this paper a projectile ions-recoil ions coincidence technique is employed to investigate the target ionization and projectile charge state changing processes in the collision of 0.22–6.35 MeV Cq+ (q = 1 – 4) ions with argon atoms. The partial cross section ratios of the double, triple, quadruplicate ionization to the single ionization (or the single capture) of argon associated with single electron loss (or single electron capture) by the projectile are measured and compared with the previous experimental results. In the present experiment, it is observed that the ratios of ionization cross sections R associated with single loss and single capture depend strongly on the projectile charge state and vary significantly with different reaction channels as impact energy increases. In addition, this paper gets empirical scaling laws for the ionization cross section ratios R corresponding to the projectile single loss and finds that the ratios of the double ionization to the single ionization associated with single electron capture remain constant in the present energy range.

Multiple ionization of argon accompanied by electron loss and capture of 0.22-6.35 MeV C q+ ions

The model of the Coulomb dressed potential is applied to solving the problem of electron scattering for simplifying the calculation in the electrostatic field and the excimer laser field. The introduction and the application of the model are based on the electric dipole approximation, so the contribution of the electric multipole is neglected. In this paper, rigorous analysis and deduction are carried out for the introduction of the dressed Coulomb potential into the laser field. It is found that the introduction of the dressed potential in the fractional form is feasible only when the laser field (not including far ultraviolet field and x-ray) is a weak field, i.e. the quiver radius of the free electron is smaller than the atomic scale. In addition, the necessary analysis is also conducted of the limitation of the application of the Coulomb dressed potential.

Introduction of the Coulomb dressed potential into atomic scattering

Making use of the molecular closed-orbit theory and a new model potential for the Rydberg molecule, we have calculated the recurrence spectra of He2+ molecular ion in a magnetic field for different quantum defects. The Fourier transform spectra of He2+ molecular ion may be used to perform a direct comparison between peaks in the spectra and the scaled action values of closed orbits of the excited electron in external fields. We find that the spectral modulations can be analysed in terms of the scattering of the excited electron on the molecular core. Unlike the case of the Rydberg atom where the elastic scattering is predominant, modulations produced by inelastic scattering are also vital to the photoabsorption spectrum of the Rydberg molecule. Our results are in good agreement with the quantum results, which suggests that our method is correct.

Semiclassical calculation of recurrence spectra of Rydberg He 2 + molecular ion in a magnetic field

The classical trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method is a common method to study the charge-transfer and impact-ionization cross sections for the collisions between ions and atoms, and the heavy particle collision in astrophysics and laboratory plasma environment. Here in this work, we use the 4-CTMC method to study a four-body collision process including two bound electrons, and the Hamiltonian equation of the four-body dynamic system is solved numerically. The single/double electron ionization and capture cross sections are calculated for collisions of high charge state ions (Li&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;, Be&lt;sup&gt;4+&lt;/sup&gt; and O&lt;sup&gt;7+&lt;/sup&gt;) with helium atom in a wide range of projectile energy. The calculation results show that the results from the 4-CTMC method and the experimental measurements are in better agreement in a projectile energy range of 50–200 keV/amu for proton-helium collision system. In addition, for incident ions with high charge state, the results calculated by the 4-CTMC method are in better agreement with the experimental measurements or other theoretical values in a projectile energy range of 100–500 keV/amu. Though the double ionization and capture cross sections calculated by 4-CTMC or 3-CTMC method are higher than the experimental results due to ignoring the electron correlation, the results from the 4-CTMC method are in better agreement with the experimental results. 

Charge transfer in collisions of H+, Li3+, Be4+ and O7+ ions with He atom based on 4-classical trajectory Monte Carlo method

The He 2+ ＋H Impact Ionization process is investigated using a continu um distorted wave method with the eikonal initial-state(CDW-EIS) approximation.The total,single- and double-differential cross sections are obtained in the projectile energy ranges from 30keV/u to 2000keV/u.The total cross sections are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental data.When the projectile energy is larger than 100keV/u,our results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements,while about 50% less than experimental data in the lower energy range.The ionization mechanism of soft-collisions,electron captured to continuum states and binary-encounter collisions are also displayed.

CDW-EIS calculation in He 2+ +H impact ionization

CTMC calculation of Si2+ + H impact ionization

The ionization process in the collisions of He2+ with Cq+ (q = 0–5) is investigated by using the continuum-distorted-wave eikonal-initial-state approximation. Double-differential cross sections for 1s and 2s sub-shells are obtained at the electron-ejected angle θ = 0° with the projectile energy ranging from 30 keV/u to 10 MeV/u. Variation of ionization mechanisms with q in Cq+ is studied, and the dependences on the projectile energies and target sub-shells are also discussed. It is found that in the whole energy range, the absolute values of soft collision (SC) and binary encounter (BE) peaks decrease with increasing q. For the lower incident energies, the electron capture to the projectile continuum (ECC) peak decrease with increasing q as well as SC and BE peaks. For the higher incident energies (>1 MeV/u), the absolute value of ECC peak increases with increasing q, so that the crossings of cross sections appear for Cq+ with different q. This can be explained by the matching of velocities between the projectile and the electron initially bound to the target.

Variation of Ionization Mechanisms with q in the Collision of He 2+ with C q+

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CDW-EIS calculation in He 2+ +H impact ionization

CTMC calculation of Si2+ + H impact ionization

Variation of Ionization Mechanisms with q in the Collision of He 2+ with C q+