Evaluation method of rockburst: State-of-the-art literature review

Rockburst is becoming a huge challenge for the utilization of deep underground space. Extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the rockburst behavior and mechanism experimentally, theoretically, and numerically. The aim of this review is to discuss the novel development and the state-of-the-art in experimental techniques, theories, and numerical approaches proposed for rockburst. The definition and classification of rockburst are first summarized with an in-depth comparison among them. Then, the available laboratory experimental technologies for rockburst are reviewed in terms of indirect and direct approaches, with the highlight of monitoring technologies and data analysis methods. Some key rockburst influencing factors (i.e. size and shape, rock types, stress state, water content, and temperature) are analyzed and discussed based on collected data. After that, rockburst theories and mechanisms are discussed and evaluated, as well as the microscopic observation. The simulation approaches of rockburst are also summarized with the highlight of optional novel numerical methods. The accuracy, stability, and reliability of different experimental, theoretical and numerical approaches are also compared and assessed in each part. Finally, a summary and some aspects of prospective research are presented. 

A review of rockburst: Experiments, theories, and simulations

This work aims at investigating the fracture evolution and energy characteristics of marble subjected to fatigue cyclic loading and confining pressure unloading (FC-CPU) conditions. Although rocks under separated fatigue cyclic loading and triaxial unloading conditions have been well studied, little is known about the dependence of the fatigue damage accumulation on the subsequent confining pressure unloading condition that influences the rock fracture behaviors. In this work, the servo-controlled GCTS 2000 rock mechanical system combined with the post-test X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning technique were used to reveal the fracture behaviors of the marble samples. The samples were tested at three stages: the static loading stage, the fatigue cyclic loading stage, and the confining pressure unloading stage. Results show that the damage index-cycle number curve shows a different pattern—the damage increasing rate is different for the samples experiencing different fatigue damage. The damage accumulation at the fatigue cyclic stage influences the final failure mode and energy conversion. In addition, post-test CT scanning further reveals the effects of fatigue cycles on the crack pattern, as well as the stimulated crack scale and density after FC-CPU testing depending on the fatigue cycle. Furthermore, the stored elastic energy decreases and the dissipated energy increases with increasing fatigue cycle at the fatigue loading stage, and the energy conversion is consistent with the crack pattern analysis. By investigating the failure mechanism of marble under FC-CPU conditions, a theoretical basis for rock dynamic disaster prediction can be created.

Fracture Evolution and Energy Characteristics During Marble Failure Under Triaxial Fatigue Cyclic and Confining Pressure Unloading (FC-CPU) Conditions

Technical challenges have always been part of underground mining activities, however, some of these challenges grow in complexity as mining occurs in deeper and deeper settings. One such challenge is rock mass stability and the risk of rockburst events. To overcome these challenges, and to limit the risks and impacts of events such as rockbursts, advanced solutions must be developed and best practices implemented. Rockbursts are common in underground mines and substantially threaten the safety of personnel and equipment, and can cause major disruptions in mine development and operations. Rockbursts consist of violent wall rock failures associated with high energy rock projections in response to the instantaneous stress release in rock mass under high strain conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a good understanding of the conditions and mechanisms leading to a rockburst, and to improve risk assessment methods. The capacity to properly estimate the risks of rockburst occurrence is essential in underground operations. However, a limited number of studies have examined and compared yet different empirical methods of rockburst. The current understanding of this important hazard in the mining industry is summarized in this paper to provide the necessary perspective or tools to best assess the risks of rockburst occurrence in deep mines. The various classifications of rockbursts and their mechanisms are discussed. The paper also reviews the current empirical methods of rockburst prediction, which are mostly dependent on geomechanical parameters of the rock such as uniaxial compressive strength of the rock, as well as its tensile strength and elasticity modulus. At the end of this paper, some current achievements and limitations of empirical methods are discussed.

Rockburst in underground excavations: A review of mechanism, classification, and prediction methods

Evaluation of mining-induced energy and rockburst prediction at a diamond mine in Canada using a full 3D elastoplastic finite element model

A new energy index for evaluating the tendency of rockburst and its engineering application

Under the effect of high ground stress and water-rock chemical interaction, the fractures in the damaged mudstone wound undergo a self-healing process and recover the physical and mechanical properties, which has a significant impact on the wall-rock’s stability of high level radioactive waste repository and the migration of radioactive nuclide. According to the general thermodynamics and continuum damage mechanics, an internal variable describing mudstone healing properties is introduced and an elastoplastic damage-healing model reflecting mudstone deformation, damage, and self-healing evolution is put forward. This model is used to simulate the triaxial compression test of mudstone under different confining pressures, whose simulated results are compared with the test data. It is indicated that the model could embody the main mechanical properties of mudstone with the healing effect in an effective way, and the healing part of the model has a great influence on the simulated results.

/pdf/study-on-the-elastoplastic-damage-healing-coupled-4fv9xkq51p.pdf

Study on the Elastoplastic Damage-Healing Coupled Constitutive Model of Mudstone

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A new energy index for evaluating the tendency of rockburst and its engineering application

Study on the Elastoplastic Damage-Healing Coupled Constitutive Model of Mudstone