FEM was technologically innovated which initially aimed at answering structural analysis difficulties involving Mechanics, Civil and Aeronautical Engineering. FEM basically stands for a numerical model of analyzing stresses as well as distortions in the form of any agreed geometry. There for the shape is discretized into the so-called ‘finite elements’ coupled through nodes. Accuracy of the results is determined by type, planning and total number of elements used for a particular study model. 3-D FE model was designed for in-depth qualitative examination of the relations amongst implant, tooth, periodontal ligament, and bone. Scholarly work equating work reliability, validated with a 3-D modeling suggested that meticulous data can be acquired with respect to stress distribution in bone. Comparative results from 3-D FEA studies showed that 3D FEA, when matched with in-vivo strain gauge measurements were corresponding with clinical outcomes. The aim of this review of literature is to provide an overview to show the application of FEM in (Short) implant dentistry.

Application of Finite Element Model in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

The cervical microbiota composition and diversity of HIV-positive women in the postpartum period is unknown. Using a high-throughput bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we identified four community state types (CSTs). CST III (Lactobacillusdominant) and CST IV (IV-A, IV-B.1, IV-B.2; high-diversity) were found in 41% and 59% of samples, respectively. We did not find association of any CST to postpartum period (six or twelve months), HPV infection or cytology (normal or lesion). However, five bacterial genera were associated with cervical lesions (Gardnerella, Aerococcus, Schlegelella, Moryella and Bifidobacterium), with significant odds ratio (OR) of 40 (2.28-706) for the presence of Moryella and 3.5 (1.36-8.9) for Schlegelella. Longitudinal analysis of samples at postpartum that regressed (lesion to normal), progressed (normal to lesion) and maintained the cytology (lesion or normal) evidenced Gardnerella with a significantly higher abundance in regressing lesions. In the current study, we report the first data on the cervical microbiota of HIV-positive women in the postpartum period. Consistent with previous studies of HIV-negative cohorts, HIV-positive women present a stable cervical microbiota of high-diversity in the postpartum period. Our results highlight that specific microbiota species may serve as sensors for changes in the cervical microenvironment associated with cervical lesions.

/pdf/analysis-of-the-cervical-microbiome-and-potential-biomarkers-1otgfgf9dt.pdf

Analysis of the cervical microbiome and potential biomarkers from postpartum HIV-positive women displaying cervical intraepithelial lesions.

This multicenter study aimed to identify the different implant- and patient-related risk factors for long-term short dental implant success. Through a retrospective chart review of three centers, patient information regarding demographic variables, smoking habits, history of periodontitis, systemic diseases, and medications in addition to the parameters for short implant placement including implant manufacturer, design, anatomical location, diameter and length, and type of placement was collected. For statistical analysis, univariate regression models were used at the implant and patient levels. A total of 460 short implants placed in 199 patients followed up for up to 9 years were reviewed. Survival rates of the short implants were 95.86% and 92.96% and success rates were 90% and 83.41% for implant- and patient-based analysis, respectively. Peri-implantitis was reported as the primary cause of short dental implant failure (34/46, 73.91%). Univariate regression models revealed that female sex was strongly related to short implant success. In addition, smoking and history of periodontitis were found to have a significant negative influence on short implant success at the implant and patient levels. Taken together, these results support the use of short implants as a predictable longterm treatment option; however, smoking and history of periodontitis are suggested to be the potential risk factors for short implant success. Therefore, clinicians need to assess these potential risk factors and make treatment decisions accordingly.

/pdf/risk-factors-associated-with-short-dental-implant-success-a-3wyywfe7r7.pdf

Risk factors associated with short dental implant success: a long-term retrospective evaluation of patients followed up for up to 9 years.

Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease in postmenopausal women, diabetic patients and obese patients and is characterized by an imbalance in bone formation and resorption. Current studies have conducted in-depth research on these groups and revealed their respective pathogenesis and treatment measures. However, the causes of osteoporosis in patients are complex, usually combining multiple factors. Unifying the same pathway that induces bone loss in various pathological states will greatly facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. Purine metabolism is an important biological process in determining genetic orientation and functional performance. Adequate evidence confirms the widespread existence of purine metabolism disorders in various types of osteoporosis. Purine metabolism plays an important role in the process of bone remodeling. The aim of the present study was to determine changes in purine metabolism in high-risk populations with various types of osteoporosis and the pathogenesis of bone loss caused by abnormal purine metabolism. Two states of balance are maintained in the process of bone remodeling including osteogenesis and adipogenesis and osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Abnormal purine metabolism induces hyperuricemia and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Monosodium urate (MSU), ROS and ROS-induced inflammation inhibit the expression of osteogenic turnover indicators and promote osteoclast differentiation. ADA, ADCY, ENPP1 and PDE are the genes involved in purine metabolism most strongly associated with bone remodeling. Constructing a network between purine metabolism and bone metabolism and mining the core regulatory mechanism will contribute to revealing the pathogenesis and optimizing the treatment of osteoporosis. 

Purine metabolism in the development of osteoporosis

Background 
Stress on the bone surrounding dental micro-implants affects implant success.


Purpose 
To compare the stress on the bone surrounding a micro-implant after application of a single force (SF) of 200 g or a composite force (CF) of 200 g and 6 N.mm torque.


Materials and Methods 
Finite element models were developed for micro-implant diameters of 1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 mm, and lengths of 6, 8, 10, and 12 mm and either a SF or CF was applied. The maximum equivalent stress (Max EQS) of the bone surrounding the micro-implant was determined, and the relationships among type of force, diameter, and length were evaluated.


Results 
The Max EQS of the CF exceeded that of the SF (P< 0.05). The effect of force on stress was related to implant diameter, but not to implant length. The larger CF led to greater instability of the micro-implant and the effect was most pronounced at an implant diameter of 1.2 mm. The use of implant diameters of 1.6 mm and 2.0 mm produced no significant difference in implant stability when either a CF or SF was applied.


Conclusion 
When considering the use of an implant to perform three-dimensional control on the teeth, the implant diameter chosen should be > 1.2 mm.

/pdf/finite-element-analysis-of-bone-stress-around-micro-implants-2gpdya5rdf.pdf

Finite Element Analysis of Bone Stress around Micro-Implants of Different Diameters and Lengths with Application of a Single or Composite Torque Force.

Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biomechanics of short dental implants. Study Design Three-dimensional finite element analysis was used to simulate stress distribution of 8-mm implants with 6 different diameters in I to IV types of bone densities; meanwhile, axial and oblique loads were applied in this study. Results It was found that the maximum Von-Mises stress varied significantly when the diameter was within 3.3 mm and 5 mm, whereas the change of peak stress was not obvious when the diameter was within 5.5 mm to 7.1 mm. The peak stress on the implant–bone interface increased with the reduction of bone density. The stress in types I and II had similar distribution and the same was true for types III and IV. Conclusions These results revealed that implants with larger diameter (

A study of force distribution of loading stresses on implant–bone interface on short implant length using 3-dimensional finite element analysis

Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7), an ATP-dependent eukaryotic chromatin remodeling enzyme, is essential for the development of organs. The mutation of CHD7 is the main cause of CHARGE syndrome, but its function and mechanism in skeletal system remain unclear. Here, we show conditional knockout of Chd7 in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and preosteoblasts leads to a pathological phenotype manifested as low bone mass and severely high marrow adiposity. Mechanistically, we identify enhancement of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling in Chd7-deficient MSCs. Loss of Chd7 reduces the restriction of PPAR-γ and then PPAR-γ associates with trimethylated histone H3 at lysine 4 (H3K4me3), which subsequently activates the transcription of downstream adipogenic genes and disrupts the balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Our data illustrate the pathological manifestations of Chd7 mutation in MSCs and reveal an epigenetic mechanism in skeletal health and diseases. 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29633-6.pdf

CHD7 regulates bone-fat balance by suppressing PPAR-γ signaling

OBJECTIVE
Recombinant humanized type III collagen (rhCol III) is a highly adhesive biomaterial composed of 16 adhesion-related tandem repeats refined from human type III collagen. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of rhCol III on oral ulcers and reveal the underlying mechanism.


METHODS
Acid-induced oral ulcers were induced on the murine tongue, and rhCol III or saline drops were administered. The effect of rhCol III on oral ulcers was assessed using gross and histological analyses. The effects on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human oral keratinocytes were investigated in vitro. The underlying mechanism was explored using RNA-sequencing.


RESULTS
Administration of rhCol III accelerated the lesion closure of oral ulcers, reduced the release of inflammatory factors, and alleviated pain. rhCol III promoted the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of human oral keratinocytes in vitro. Mechanistically, the enrichment of genes associated with the Notch signaling pathway was upregulated after rhCol III treatment.


CONCLUSION
rhCol III promoted the healing of oral ulcers, showing promising therapeutic potential in oral clinics.

Recombination Humanized Type III Collagen Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing.

Cellular fibronectin (cFn) is a type of bioactive non-collagen glycoprotein regarded as the main substance used to maintain periodontal attachment The content of cFn in some specific sites can reflect the progress of periodontitis or peri-implantitis This study aims to evaluate the expression of cFn messenger RNA (mRNA) in tissues of adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to determine its clinical significance A total of 30 patients were divided into three groups of 10: healthy, adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis Periodontal tissue biopsies (1 mm×1 mm×1 mm) from each patient were frozen in liquid nitrogen Total RNA was extracted from these tissues, and the content, purity and integrity were detected Specific primers were designed according to the sequence, and the mRNA expression levels of cellular fibronectin were detected by real-time PCR The purity and integrity of the extracted total RNA were both high, and the specificity of amplified genes was very high with no other pollution The mRNA expression of cFn in the adult periodontitis group (1526±0441) was lower than that in the healthy group (3253±0736) However, the mRNA expression of cFn in the peri-implantitis group (3965±0537) was significantly higher than that in the healthy group The difference revealed that although both processes were destructive inflammatory reactions in the periodontium, the pathomechanisms were different and the variation started from the transcription level of the cFn gene

/pdf/expression-of-cellular-fibronectin-mrna-in-adult-38li2c7ojh.pdf

Expression of cellular fibronectin mRNA in adult periodontitis and peri-implantitis: a real-time polymerase chain reaction study

Abstract Objectives: We aimed to demonstrate our modified osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) technique for placing two implants in multiple maxillary posterior edentulous spaces with residual bone height (RBH) < 5 mm, to evaluate the clinical effect and explore the prognosis. Methods: We identified 18 appropriate patients with RBH < 5 mm and 12 patients with RBH ≥ 5 mm. After drill preparation, variously shaped curettes were applied to adequately release the tension of the membrane around the cavity and between two implants by blunt dissection. Then, an osteotome was used to elevate the membrane to the desired height. After filling bone graft into the elevated space, dental implants were inserted. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) was performed after surgery and 6 months later. Results: The implant survival rate was 100%, and after the 6-month resorption, the height of the graft apically between the two implants gradually stabilized at 8.92 mm. Compared with 12 patients with RBH ≥ 5 mm, their graft bone resorption demonstrated no significant difference. Conclusions: It can be suggested that the modified OSFE technique could yield predictable clinical results for placing adjacent implants in patients with RBH less than 5 mm after six months of follow-up. Clinical Significance: Our modified OSFE technique could be applied to place adjacent implants in patients with RBH less than 5 mm, especially for elderly patients or patients with bone crests and vessels on the lateral wall, owing to its advantages including less trauma and fewer complications, minimizing the risk of membrane perforation, shortening the treatment period, avoiding another surgery area or second-stage surgery, improving not only the bone around the implant apex but also between implants, etc.

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/13/8019/pdf?version=1656901960

Modified Osteotome Sinus Floor Elevation Technique for Multiple Edentulous Spaces: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial

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