Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues are known to occur widely in the aquatic environments of industrialized and developing countries. Considerable progress has been made regarding to study of their exposure and distribution in aquatic environment. The spatial distribution and transformation of PPCPs have been investigated in the aquatic systems of different countries covering the five UN regions. As a result, the objectives of this review are focused on: (a) the global occurrence of PPCPs residues in aquatic systems, particularly in drinking/tap water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), (b) widely prescribed pharmaceutical classes such as antibiotics, antidepressants, β-blockers, lipid regulators, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), etc. due to their potential adverse influences on the aquatic ecosystems and human health, (c) the spatial distribution of PPCPs in water bodies based on recently published data, (d) different regions in the world (e.g., USA, China, and Mediterranean basin) as case studies of contaminated areas, (e) the relation of occurrences with specific characteristics of frequently detected compounds, (f) the legislation and regulations implemented by countries/states governments were summarized and discussed, and finally, (g) future perspectives for research on PPCPs in the aquatic environment, which are explained regarded to the research gaps in current knowledge. The findings of this review indicate that the concentrations of PPCPs in the influents and effluents of WWTPs of the selected regions are much higher than in other water matrices. Additionally, there are significant variations in PPCPs concentrations between different countries and regions due to certain reasons. 

Occurrence and spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment, their characteristics, and adopted legislations

Mobile Genetic Elements are the Major Driver of High Antibiotic Resistance Genes Abundance in the Upper Reaches of Huaihe River Basin

The capturing of water contaminants and the remediation of water bodies is an important concern to human health due to severe side effects of contaminants on the body such as cancer Pharmaceutical

Polymer-Based Devices and Remediation Strategies for Emerging Contaminants in Water

Hazard classifications have recently been introduced for persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) and very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) substances, which are those that negatively impact water resources if substantially emitted into the environment. Many pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) may meet this classification. Our study focused on 169 detected PPCPs in surface water, groundwater and drinking water in China among a total of 432 PPCPs that were monitored for across 75 studies. We assessed if these could be classified as PMT/vPvM substances based on the recent European criteria for industrial substances. For most PPCPs, persistency half-life data were lacking; therefore, definitive classifications could not be made. In surface water, 52 (37.7 %) of the detected PPCPs met, or were strongly suspected to meet, the PMT/vPvM criteria. Over half of these were antibiotic compounds. The industrialized Yangtze, Haihe and Pearl river basins were the most impacted. We hypothesized the proportion of PPCPs monitored meeting the PMT/vPvM criteria in drinking water and groundwater would be larger than surface water. This was supported as 44.3 % of PPCPs in these media met, or based on weight-of-evidence likely meet, the PMT/vPvM criteria; though, a definitive comparison was hindered by a lack of persistence data.

The distribution of persistent, mobile and toxic (PMT) pharmaceuticals and personal care products monitored across Chinese water resources

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are abundantly used by people, and some of them are excreted unaltered or as metabolites through urine, with the sewage being the most important source to their release to the environment. These compounds are in almost all types of water (wastewater, surface water, groundwater, etc.) at concentrations ranging from ng/L to µg/L. The isolation and concentration of the PPCPs from water achieves the appropriate sensitivity. This step is mostly based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) but also includes other approaches (dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), buckypaper, SPE using multicartridges, etc.). In this review article, we aim to discuss the procedures employed to extract PPCPs from any type of water sample prior to their determination via an instrumental analytical technique. Furthermore, we put forward not only the merits of the different methods available but also a number of inconsistencies, divergences, weaknesses and disadvantages of the procedures found in literature, as well as the systems proposed to overcome them and to improve the methodology. Environmental applications of the developed techniques are also discussed. The pressing need for new analytical innovations, emerging trends and future prospects was also considered.

/pdf/sample-preparation-to-determine-pharmaceutical-and-personal-3oply4nv89.pdf

Sample Preparation to Determine Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products in an All-Water Matrix: Solid Phase Extraction.

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the drinking water is a growing concern in China. In this study, we determined the concentration and distribution of 59 selected pharmaceuticals in raw, finished, and tap water samples from 79 drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in 15 cities, encompassing seven large river basins in China, using solid-phase extraction pretreatment and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Forty-seven pharmaceuticals were detected in raw water samples, with detection rates of 1.27-96.20% and average concentrations of 0.09-128.87 ng/L. Forty-three pharmaceuticals were detected in finished water samples, with detection rates of 1.27-96.20% and average concentrations of 0.07-59.17 ng/L. Forty-two pharmaceuticals were detected in tap water samples, with detection rates of 1.27-94.94% and average concentrations of 0.07-58.43 ng/L. Purification methods implemented by DWTPs are capable of removing some pharmaceuticals from water treatment systems; however, low concentrations of pharmaceuticals were detected in drinking water, raising concerns about the possible human health implications of long-term exposure to low-dose pharmaceuticals. The detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals in municipal water samples presented in this study represent the most extensive analysis of commonly used pharmaceuticals and personal care products located in Chinese river basins.

/pdf/occurrence-and-distribution-of-pharmaceuticals-in-raw-448j1v2p68.pdf

Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in raw, finished, and drinking water from seven large river basins in China.

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定水源水和饮用水中107种典型农药及代谢产物

In order to monitor the risk of pesticide pollutants in drinking water, an analytical method based on online-solid phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (online-SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) was established for the simultaneous rapid screening and determination of 107 pesticides and metabolites (organophosphorus, organic nitrogen, organic heterocycle, carbamate, amide, benzoyl urea, neonicotinoid, etc.) in raw water and drinking water. Different injection volumes (5, 10, and 15 mL) were compared. The detection response increased with an increase in the injection volume, but the matrix effect also became more pronounced. Under the premise of ensuring the sensitivity of the method and meeting the detection requirements, the injection volume was selected as 5 mL. Accordingly, the samples were filtered through a 0.22-μm hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene filter, and then, 5 mL samples were injected into the online-SPE system by the automatic sampler. After adsorption on an X Bridge C18 online-SPE column, the samples were washed with pure water and eluted by gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phases, with separation on an ACQUITY HSS T3 column. The samples were detected by multiple reaction monitoring with electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes, and quantified by an external standard method. Using raw water and drinking water as the sample matrices, the accuracy and precision of the method were verified. The 107 pesticides and metabolites showed good linear relationships in different ranges with correlation coefficients (r2)>0.995. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) of the method were 0.03-1.5 ng/L, and the limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) were 0.1-5.0 ng/L. The target pesticides were spiked at concentration levels of 1, 20, and 50 ng/L. The spiked recoveries of the 107 targets in raw water and drinking water samples were 60.6%-119.8% and 61.2%-119.0%, respectively. The corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) were 0.3%-18.6% and 0.4%-17.1%. The pesticide residues in raw water and drinking water were determined by this method. Amide herbicides, triazine herbicides, triazole insecticides, carbamate insecticides, and neonicotinoid insecticides had high detection rates. The detected concentrations ranged from 0.1 to 97.1 ng/L in raw water and from 0.1 to 93.6 ng/L in drinking water. The sample consumption of online-SPE method was lower than that in the traditional off-line SPE methods, which greatly improved the convenience of sample collection, storage, and transportation. The samples only need to be filtered before injection and analysis. The method is simple to operate and shows good reproducibility. With this online-SPE method, only 23 min were required from online enrichment to detection completion. The developed method has the advantages of high analytical speed and high sensitivity. The method is suitable for the trace analysis and determination of 107 typical pesticides in raw water and drinking water, which effectively improves the detection efficiency of pesticides in water and has high potential for practical application. It can extend technical support for the pollution-level analysis of typical pesticides and metabolites in drinking water and provide an objective basis for human health risk assessment.

[Determination of 107 typical pesticides and metabolites in raw water and drinking water by online-solid phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ning Jin

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Occurrence and distribution of pharmaceuticals in raw, finished, and drinking water from seven large river basins in China.

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定水源水和饮用水中107种典型农药及代谢产物

[Determination of 107 typical pesticides and metabolites in raw water and drinking water by online-solid phase extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry].