Laser cladding (LC) technology provides an attractive and cost-effective way to prepare wear-resistant coating on high-value engineering components. However, the thermal effect of coating will lead to a large amount of residual tensile stress in the coating, which seriously affects the wear performance. This paper investigated the influence of laser shock peening (LSP) on the microstructure and wear behaviors of wire-based LC 17-4 PH coating. Results showed that there was no laser remelting phenomenon during LSP process, and all residual austenite in cladding layer transformed into martensite after LSP treatment, accompanied by a more compact and uniform microstructure. LSP can introduce severe plastic deformation to form dislocation structures on the top surface of the coating, which lead to grain refinement through dynamic recrystallization (DRX), and the average grain size decreased from 4.15 μm to 1.81 μm when the laser energy is 9J. Meanwhile, the high strain rate plastic deformation induced by LSP generated high residual compressive stress on the material surface, with a maximum value of 500 MPa. The surface microhardness of the cladding layer increased by 100HV after LSP treatment, reaching to a peak of 458HV at a laser power of 9J, and gradually decreased along the depth direction, presenting a gradient distribution. After LSP treatment, GCr15 steel counter ball was used to simulate the sliding friction of solid particles under real working conditions. Results showed that the friction coefficient (COF) and wear rate of 17-4 PH coating were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the wear type changed from dominative adhesive to slight abrasive wear. The improvement of microhardness and wear properties were attributed to the combined effects of Hall-Petch and Taylor hardening strengthening. 

Microstructure and wear behaviors of 17-4 PH stainless steel fabricated by laser cladding with post laser shock peening treatment

Phase change materials (PCMs) can store and release latent heat under the designed phased change temperature and have received substantial interest for energy conservation and thermal control purposes. The use of PCMs in the construction of constant temperature buildings can improve the comfortable environment and save more energy. However, the leakage of PCMs during phase change process limits the application of PCMs. In this paper, a series of PCMs microcapsules with controllable core numbers is synthesized with paraffin (37 ℃) as the core and cross-linked chitosan as the wall. The single-core phase-change microcapsules (S-PCM) and multicore phase-change microcapsules (M−PCM) were prepared by adjusting the preparation condition. The latent heat of S-PCM and M−PCM are 61.4 mJ mg−1 and 50.1 mJ mg−1, respectively. The S-PCM and M−PCM display good stability without paraffin leakage. In addition, the composite blocks of gypsum and S-PCM (GSCM) and M−PCM (GMCM) were prepared and the thermoregulatory effection was investigated, where the surface temperature of GSCM was 5–10 ℃ lower than that of pure gypsum block. PCMs may also have broad application space in electronics, cold chain, and other industries. 

The cores regulation of paraffin-chitosan phase change microcapsules for constant temperature building

Regulating electrochemical performances of lithium battery by external physical field

Wire-based laser directed energy deposition (LDED) technology is an attractive and efficient additive manufacturing technology, which shows great potential in the process of manufacturing high-value engineering components. However, the thermal effect will lead to a large amount of residual tensile stress in the components, and the large crystal structures after solidification seriously affects the tensile performance. The pursuit of high mechanical properties in additive manufacturing components have prompted researchers to seek new strengthening process to produce high-strength components. Therefore, in this paper, laser shock peening (LSP) composite wire-based LDED were used for the additive manufacturing of 17–4 PH stainless steel under the specified experimental conditions, and the effects of LSP on microstructure evolution, microhardness, and tensile properties of wire-based LDED components were systematically studied. Results showed that uniform grains with an average size of 2.31 μm were generated on the top surface of specimen due to the ultra-high plastic strain induced by LSP shock wave. The size of hierarchical martensitic units shows varying degrees of reduction after LSP treatment, which is shown by the width decrease of packet, block and lath. Dynamic recrystallization caused by rearrangement and annihilation of high-density dislocations promoted the grain refinement. Meanwhile, the residual stress was completely converted from tensile state into compressive state with a maximum value of 425 MPa, and the microhardness was also enhanced to a peak value of 432 HV. In addition, we observed that the high-density dislocation environment created by LSP treatment promoted the further precipitation, and the aggregation phenomenon of precipitates was observed in the dense dislocation area. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elongation of LSP treated specimen were improved significantly, which was attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement, introduction of dislocation structures, precipitation strengthening and gradient residual compressive stress. In summary, laser hybrid additive manufacturing technology provides a new idea and method for the production of high-performance precipitation hardening stainless steel components. 

Tensile properties and microstructural evolution of 17–4 PH stainless steel fabricated by laser hybrid additive manufacturing technology

Hydrogen is a popular clean high-energy-density fuel. However, its utilization is limited by the challenges toward low-cost hydrogen production and safe hydrogen storage. Fortunately, these issues can be addressed using promising hydrogen storage materials such as B–H compounds. Hydrogen stored in B–H compounds can be released by hydrolysis at room temperature, which requires catalysts to increase the rate of the reaction. Recently, several effective approaches have been developed for hydrogen generation by catalyzing the hydrolysis of B–H compounds. This review summarizes the existing research on the use of nanoparticles loaded on hydrogels as catalysts for the hydrolysis of B–H compounds. First, the factors affecting the hydrolysis rate, such as temperature, pH, reactant concentration, and type of nano particles, were investigated. Further, the preparation methods (in situ reduction, one-pot method, template adsorption, etc.) for the hydrogel catalysts and the types of loaded catalysts were determined. Additionally, the hydrogel catalysts that can respond to magnetic fields, ultrasound fields, optical fields, and other physical fields are introduced. Finally, the issues and future developments of hydrogel-based catalysts are discussed. This review can inspire deeper investigations and provide guidance for the study of hydrogel catalysts in the field of hydrogen production via hydrolysis. 

Hydrogel-based catalysts for hydrogen generation by the hydrolysis of B–H compounds under external physical fields

As an advanced surface-strengthening technology, laser shock peening (LSP) is suitable for strengthening high-energy beam additive manufacturing components by improving the uneven temperature distribution and mechanical anisotropy problems. The present study investigated the influence of multiple LSP impacts on the microstructure evolution and wear performance of wire-based laser directed energy deposition (LDED) 17-4PH stainless steel. Results showed that with the increase of LSP impacts, the average grain size of the wire-based LDED layer decreases and the dislocation density increases. Meanwhile, the residual stress was completely converted from tensile state to compressive state, and reaches the maximum value of 424±15MPa. In addition, the significant improvement of microhardness and wear resistance after 3 LSP impacts is attributed to the combined effects of grain refinement and dislocation strengthening. 

Effects of multiple laser shock peening impacts on microstructure and wear performance of wire-based laser directed energy deposition 17-4PH stainless steel

It is well accepted that a lithiophilic interface can effectively regulate Li deposition behaviors, but the influence of the lithiophilic interface is gradually diminished upon continuous Li deposition that completely isolates Li from the lithiophilic metals. Herein, we perform in-depth studies on the creation of dynamic alloy interfaces upon Li deposition, arising from the exceptionally high diffusion coefficient of Hg in the amalgam solid solution. As a comparison, other metals such as Au, Ag, and Zn have typical diffusion coefficients of 10–20 orders of magnitude lower than that of Hg in the similar solid solution phases. This difference induces compact Li deposition pattern with an amalgam substrate even with a high areal capacity of 55 mAh cm−2. This finding provides new insight into the rational design of Li anode substrate for the stable cycling of Li metal batteries. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/eem2.12618

Construction of Dynamic Alloy Interfaces for Uniform Li Deposition in
 Li‐Metal
 Batteries

Microstructure and Fatigue Performance of Hard Al Alloy Repaired by Supersonic Laser Deposition with Laser Shock Peening Treatment

The interplay of particle properties and solution chemistry on aggregation kinetics of soil nanoparticles

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13133

Characterization of aspartokinase double mutants using a combination of experiments and simulations

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Papers

Effects of multiple laser shock peening impacts on microstructure and wear performance of wire-based laser directed energy deposition 17-4PH stainless steel

Construction of Dynamic Alloy Interfaces for Uniform Li Deposition in Li‐Metal Batteries

Microstructure and Fatigue Performance of Hard Al Alloy Repaired by Supersonic Laser Deposition with Laser Shock Peening Treatment

The interplay of particle properties and solution chemistry on aggregation kinetics of soil nanoparticles

Characterization of aspartokinase double mutants using a combination of experiments and simulations