Advances in self-powered sports monitoring sensors based on triboelectric nanogenerators

Traditional alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), which are implemented via the pairwise coupling of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge, have been widely explored in various fields. In this work, the comprehensive integration and synergetic utilization of triboelectrification, electrostatic induction, and electrostatic discharge in a single device for the first time is realized, achieving a dual‐functional TENG (DF‐TENG) to produce an AC/DC convertible output. Distinguishing from the conventional TENGs, the coupling of triboelectrification and electrostatic discharge enables charge circulation between the dielectric tribo‐layers, while electrostatic induction realizes charge transfer in the external circuit. This novel energy conversion mechanism has been proven to be applicable to a variety of materials, including polymers, fabrics, and semiconductors. The output mode of the DF‐TENG can be tuned by adjusting the slider motion state, and its constant output current and power density can reach 1.51 mA m−2 Hz−1 and 398 mW m−2 Hz−1, respectively, which are the highest records reported for constant DC‐TENGs to date. This work not only provides a paradigm shift to achieve AC/DC convertible output, but it also exhibits high potential for extending the TENG design philosophy.

A Dual‐Functional Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on the Comprehensive Integration and Synergetic Utilization of Triboelectrification, Electrostatic Induction, and Electrostatic Discharge to Achieve Alternating Current/Direct Current Convertible Outputs

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/11/5/147/pdf

A Portable and Flexible Self-Powered Multifunctional Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring in Swimming.

Multi-Functional Triboelectric Nanogenerators on Printed Circuit Board for Metaverse Sport Interactive System

Digital technologies are revolutionizing operations across various industries, including the sports sector. This study employed a mixed methods approach to investigate technology adoption rates and assess the perceived impacts on performance, injuries, operations, and fan experience in 21 sports organizations. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 industry experts, providing information on decision drivers, implementation challenges, emerging innovations, and ethical considerations associated with responsible technology integration. The survey findings revealed extensive usage of analytics, wearables, management information systems, and fan engagement platforms among the sports organizations under investigation. Notably, analytics and statistics tools, along with management information systems, were identified as having the most significant influence on enhancing organizational performance and efficiency. Wearable technologies emerged as crucial tools for injury prevention through the monitoring of athlete health metrics. Insights gleaned from the expert interviews underscored the potential of emerging technologies, such as augmented reality, athlete tracking, predictive analytics, exoskeletons, and AI coaching, in the sports industry. However, experts also highlighted implementation challenges, including financial considerations, skills gaps, resistance to change, uncertainties surrounding return on investment demonstration, and ethical risks that necessitate mitigation measures. The study results indicated that data-driven systems have the capacity to improve operations and athlete outcomes; however, an over-reliance on such systems may diminish the significance of human expertise. It is imperative that responsible integration of these technologies aligns with organizational goals and values. By investigating current trends in technology adoption, assessing perceived impacts, and considering stakeholder viewpoints through an integrated methodology, this study aimed to provide evidence-based guidance for maximizing the benefits of digital transformation in a responsible manner. 

Digital technologies in sports: Opportunities, challenges, and strategies for safeguarding athlete wellbeing and competitive integrity in the digital era

Self-powered wearable sweat-lactate analyzer has been developed for training analysis of rowing. Tetrapodshaped ZnO nanowires are attached onto ordinary textiles to form a device. Based on the coupling of enzymatic reaction (lactate oxidase and lactic acid) and piezoelectric effect,\n the device can be attached to the tester to monitor the driving frequency, rowing distance and sweat lactic acid concentration of the tester in real-time. The relationship between the rowing frequency and physiological state is obtained by monitoring the rowing process of the tester, which\n is helpful to formulate a training plan belonging to the rowing tester. This study provides a new direction for the scientific monitoring of kinematics and accelerates the development of wearable sports equipment.

Self-Powered Wearable Sweat-Lactate Analyzer for Scheduling Training of Boat Race

The coming of the 5G era in the Internet of Things (IoT) opens progress in cross-sectoral research in multiple disciplines. All physiological indicators of the human body are collected through sensors to provide new ideas for developing innovative sports, wearable devices, and modern
 intelligent venues for IoT. Conventional sensors require an external power source and have a limited lifespan and maintenance cost. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), a new self-powered sensing technology that collects mechanical energy from bodily motions, can break through these limitations
 and be used in intelligent sports applications. Firstly, TENG can capture kinematic, biochemical, electrophysiological, and tissue dynamics information from the human body. Secondly, the low-frequency mechanical energy of the human body is not only physiological information but can also be
 used to power microelectronic devices to transmit big data in sports. In conclusion, we discuss TENG-based wearable sensing systems’ challenges and future opportunities.

Research Progress in Intelligent Exercise Monitoring Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator

As it is urgently needed to address the energy consumption and health care problems caused by population growth, the field of sustainable energy collection and storage equipment as well as intelligent health care for monitoring human motion behavior has received wide attention and achieved rapid development. However, the portable intelligent systems that integrate them have not been widely discussed. In this work, we propose a design of a nanogenerator-based wireless intelligent motion correction system, combining triboelectric nanogenerator technology with wireless intelligent host computer signal processing and visualization systems. Under the condition of no external power supply, a noninvasive triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG) sensor integrated system stores the mechanical energy due to human movement behavior and drives wireless micro-electronic devices to realize the human–computer interaction application of the intelligent system. In the conducted test, the reported instantaneous output of an ordinary clap action was around 241V. For a variety of physical exercise types being monitored, it can accurately determine human movement behavior and perform error correction and scoring for movement techniques. Additionally, using hydrogel as an electrode improves the service life and stability of the device. Therefore, this flexible and convenient design concept is beneficial to the development and utilization of sustainable energy and sports activities. In addition, it extends the application prospects of FL-TENG in self-powered sensing systems.

/pdf/nanogenerator-based-wireless-intelligent-motion-correction-2oc50t5w.pdf

Nanogenerator-Based Wireless Intelligent Motion Correction System for Storing Mechanical Energy of Human Motion

Human health and sustainable development: Advances in applied research on self-powered sensing systems of triboelectric nanogenerators

Nowadays, the applications of the triboelectric nanogenerator in sensing and monitoring sports experience a blooming prosperity. Here, we report a flexible and lightweight triboelectric nanogenerator (FL-TENG) made of hydrogel electrodes, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), PDMS, and polyurethane (PU). Based on the triboelectric effect, the FL-TENG can work as a self-powered sensor attaching to taekwondo protective gear, which can be used to monitor athletes’ competition performance and improve the fairness of the competition. In addition, the FL-TENG can drive micro-wireless devices for wireless transmitting sports data during the competition in real time. This kind of sustainable green self-powered sensor provides a new path for the field of sports competition monitoring.

/pdf/a-flexible-lightweight-triboelectric-nanogenerator-for-3i6wl1ov.pdf

A Flexible Lightweight Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Protector and Scoring System in Taekwondo Competition Monitoring

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