Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals

The seeds of Nigella sativa Linn. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black seed or black cumin, are used in folk (herbal) medicine all over the world for the treatment and prevention of a number of diseases and conditions that include asthma, diarrhoea and dyslipidaemia. This article reviews the main reports of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of N. sativa and its constituents. The seeds contain both fixed and essential oils, proteins, alkaloids and saponin. Much of the biological activity of the seeds has been shown to be due to thymoquinone, the major component of the essential oil, but which is also present in the fi ed oil. The pharmacological actions of the crude extracts of the seeds (and some of its active constituents, e.g. volatile oil and thymoquinone) that have been reported include protection against nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by either disease or chemicals. The seeds/oil have antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial and antineoplastic activity. The oil decreases blood pressure and increases respiration. Treatment of rats with the seed extract for up to 12 weeks has been reported to induce changes in the haemogram that include an increase in both the packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb), and a decrease in plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose. The seeds are characterized by a very low degree of toxicity. Two cases of contact dermatitis in two individuals have been reported following topical use. Administration of either the seed extract or its oil has been shown not to induce significant adverse effects on liver or kidney functions. It would appear that the beneficial effects of the use of the seeds and thymoquinone might be related to their cytoprotective and antioxidant actions, and to their effect on some mediators of inflammation.

/pdf/pharmacological-and-toxicological-properties-of-nigella-3di6weurq6.pdf

Pharmacological and toxicological properties of Nigella sativa

Energy storage devices that can deliver high powers have many applications, including hybrid vehicles and renewable energy. Much research has focused on increasing the power output of lithium batteries by reducing lithium-ion diffusion distances, but outputs remain far below those of electrochemical capacitors and below the levels required for many applications. Here, we report an alternative approach based on the redox reactions of functional groups on the surfaces of carbon nanotubes. Layer-by-layer techniques are used to assemble an electrode that consists of additive-free, densely packed and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The electrode, which is several micrometres thick, can store lithium up to a reversible gravimetric capacity of approximately 200 mA h g(-1)(electrode) while also delivering 100 kW kg(electrode)(-1) of power and providing lifetimes in excess of thousands of cycles, both of which are comparable to electrochemical capacitor electrodes. A device using the nanotube electrode as the positive electrode and lithium titanium oxide as a negative electrode had a gravimetric energy approximately 5 times higher than conventional electrochemical capacitors and power delivery approximately 10 times higher than conventional lithium-ion batteries.

High-Power Lithium Batteries from Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Electrodes

Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed

Transfer Requirements The following requirements for the major are subject to change without notice. To assure accuracy of the information on this sheet, you should consult with a counselor, the articulation officer, or review articulation agreements via the internet at www.assist.org Veterinary medicine uses problem-solving skills and in-depth knowledge to diagnose, treat and prevent animal diseases. It is the broadest and most comprehensive of all the health professions. The profession is concerned with enhancing the health, welfare, and productivity of animals and assuring the safety of animal products used by people. Veterinarians are highly trained medical professionals who provide for the health needs of all kinds of animals while maintaining sensitivity to human health and well-being. Most veterinarians in the United States are engaged in private practice. Other veterinarians work in a wide range of fields relating to public health, animal disease control, environmental protection, the biotechnology industry, higher education and research. Academic preparation for veterinary school takes place at the undergraduate level through a comprehensive educational experience with special emphasis in the sciences. In order to succeed academically, in the rigorous veterinary school curriculum, veterinary schools are looking for individuals with a highly developed science background. Since Pre-Veterinary is not a major, it is important to meet with a counselor during your first semester at El Camino College to help with the selection of classes. 1. Academic preparation and grade point average is critical for admission. Cumulative GPA, strong grades in science courses, and GPA in the last two years of undergraduate study are critical in the selection process. 2. Many, but not all veterinary schools require a bachelor's degree. In some instances, a bachelor's degree may make an applicant more competitive in the admission process. 3. Score on a standardized graduate admissions test (e.g. GRE, MCAT, and VCAT). Check with the individual program for the specific test required. 4. Strong letters of recommendation-Most schools require a minimum of three letters of recommendation. Some schools require on letter from a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine. 5. Undergraduate course of study-Veterinary schools are looking for both lower and upper division preparation. 6. Applicant's personal statement or narrative. 7. Extracurricular activities, work experience, community activities, motivation, individual character, personality, and other post-undergraduate experiences. 8. Animal related activities and/or animal related work experience-Most colleges are looking for a strong commitment to working with animals. Some require employment by a Veterinarian. 9. Personal interview. …

What is Veterinary Medicine

This study was carried out to investigate whether Nigella sativa could decrease the lipid peroxidation, increase the anti-oxidant defence system and also prevent the lipid-peroxidation-induced liver damage in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. Fifteen New Zealand male rabbits were divided into three experimental groups: control, diabetic and diabetic and N. sativa-treated. The diabetes mellitus (DMI) was induced in the rabbits using 150 mg/kg of 10% alloxan. The diabetic + N. sativa-treated group was given extract of N. sativa seeds orally every day for 2 months after induction of DM. At the end of the 2-month experiment, blood samples were collected to measure malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ceruloplasmin and glucose concentration, and livers were harvested for histopathological analysis. Treatment with N. sativa decreased the elevated glucose and MDA concentrations, increased the lowered GSH and ceruloplasmin concentrations, and prevented lipid-peroxidation-induced liver damage in diabetic rabbits. It was concluded that N. sativa might be used in diabetic patients to prevent lipid peroxidation, increase anti-oxidant defence system activity and also prevent liver damage.

Effect of Nigella sativa on glucose concentration, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant defence system and liver damage in experimentally-induced diabetic rabbits.

Ferulic acid is a kind of phenolic compound that can be found in various fruits and vegetables. This study aims to investigate the effect of ferulic acid on nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin (GM...

Nephroprotective effect of ferulic acid on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in female rats.

The study was undertaken to investigate the influence of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) on malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT) activity in lung of rats with bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Fourteen Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into two groups of seven animals each. The first group was treated intra-tracheally with bleomycin hydrochloride (BM group); the second group was also instilled with BM but received injections of alpha-tocopherol twice a week (BM + E group). The third group was treated in the same manner with saline solution only, acting as controls (C). There were decreases in GSH level and CAT activity while an increase in MDA level in BM group was found compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Vitamin E had a regulator effect on these parameters. After administration of alpha-tocopherol, the increase in GSH level and CAT activity and the decrease in MDA level were seen in BM + E group compared to BM group (p < 0.05). Distinct histopathological changes were found in the BM group compared to the untreated rats. Less severe fibrotic lesions were also observed in the BM + E group. The results show that vitamin E is effective on the prevention of BM-induced PF, as indicated by differences in the lung levels of oxidants and antioxidants.

Protective effect of α‐tocopherol on oxidative stress in experimental pulmonary fibrosis in rats

N-Aryl sulfonamides belong to a highly important class of organosulfur compounds which are found in a number of FDA-approved drugs such as dofetilide, dronedarone, ibutilide, sotalol, sulfadiazine, sulfamethizole, vemurafenib, and many more. There is therefore continuing interest in the development of novel and convenient protocols for the preparation of these pharmaceutically important compounds. Recently, direct sulfonamidation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds with easily available sulfonyl azides has emerged as an attractive and powerful strategy to access N-(hetero)aryl sulfonamides where non-toxic nitrogen gas forms as the sole by-product. This review highlights recent advances and developments (2012–2020) in this fast growing research area with emphasis on the mechanistic features of the reactions.

/pdf/direct-sulfonamidation-of-hetero-aromatic-c-h-bonds-with-2lgkhbjtby.pdf

Direct sulfonamidation of (hetero)aromatic C–H bonds with sulfonyl azides: a novel and efficient route to N-(hetero)aryl sulfonamides

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in oxidativestress parameters of erythrocytes in twenty 3–4 year-old fluorotic sheep ascompared to twenty controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (mean ± SD) weresignificantly elevated in erthyrocytes of the fluorotic sheep (2.51 ± 0.16nmol/mL) in comparison to the control sheep (1.32 ± 0.13 nmol/mL).Erythrocyte Na + -K + adenosine-5’-triphosphatase (Na + -K + ATPase) activity inthe fluorotic sheep (0.003 ± 0.0005 µ mol Pi/mg protein/h) was significantlylower than in the controls (0.005 ± 0.0005 µ mol Pi/mg protein/h), as was theactivity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) (510 ± 23.30 mU/g Hb)compared to the controls (1418 ± 85.40 mU/g Hb). The results are explained byfluoride-induced oxidative stress reflected in elevated erythrocyte MDA levelsthat cause decreased enzyme activity of Na + -K + ATPase and G6PD byaffecting membrane structure. Keywords: Fluorotic sheep; Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; Malondialdehyde;Na

/pdf/changes-in-erythrocyte-parameters-of-fluorotic-sheep-1x3o3nxe4e.pdf

Changes in erythrocyte parameters of fluorotic sheep

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