Many applications of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) and its diverse extensions have been carried out in recent years. Among these extensions, Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) is one approach for addressing knowledge discovery in multi-relational datasets. Applying RCA requires stating a question of interest and encoding the dataset into the input RCA data model, i.e. an Entity-Relationship model with only Boolean attributes in the entity description and unidirectional binary relationships. From the various concrete RCA applications, recurring encoding patterns can be observed, that we aim to capitalize taking software engineering design patterns as a source of inspiration. This capitalization work intends to rationalize and facilitate encoding in future RCA applications. In this paper, we describe an approach for defining such design patterns, and we present two design patterns: “Separate/Gather Views” and “Level Relations”. 

Relational Concept Analysis in Practice: Capitalizing on Data Modeling Using Design Patterns

Component-based development is the software paradigm focused on building applications using reusable software components. Applica- tions are built by assembling components, where the required interfaces of a component are connected to compatible provided interfaces of other components. In order to have an effective building process, software ar- chitects need adequate component directories that both index available components and ease their search. So far, existing approaches provide only a limited structure and indexation to store/register components and, as a consequence, they propose an inadequate searching process. Even when the indexes are built as flat or hierarchical structures, the indexed elements are not the components themselves, but part of them, such as services or functions, making the search of the needed compatible com- ponents imprecise. To cope with searching and compatibility problems, the contribution of this paper is twofold: it is composed of both a refined methodology (improving a previous approach) and a tool to build a hi- erarchically structured component directory. The component directory solves the identified problems letting an architect find components that are compatible with a given specification (to be assembled) or components that can substitute to a given one. This directory uses Formal Concept Analysis to build component type hierarchies thanks to a three step classification process that successively classifies functionality signatures, interfaces and, at last, component types. The refinement of the methodology is based on a substitutability relationship between components, where the notion of not having a parameter or an interface of some type makes our methodology more robust when considering required interfaces. The tool made possible to overcome scalability issues implementing several variations on the clas- sification strategy. We present several experiments on three case studies to classify components from on-line open-source component repositories as a validation of our methodology.

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Building Hierarchical Component Directories

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Building Hierarchical Component Directories