Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals

Practical Guide to Diagnostic Imaging: Radiography and Ultrasonography

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders in animals. Thus, currently, it is imperative to introduce non-invasive, economical and rapid methods for the investigation of diabetes in animals. In this study, the urine samples collected from 10 non-diabetic and 10 streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were investigated by the spectrofluorimetric technique. Emission spectra for the urine samples were obtained following an excitation wavelength of 280 and 400 nm. The investigated fluorophores were mainly tryptophan metabolites, and significant differences resulted between the mean heights of the emission bands attributed to these fluorophore compounds in diabetic compared to non-diabetic rats. The shape of the spectral windings after the utilization of these two excitation wavelengths was almost similar for diabetic and non-diabetic rats; however, there were some discriminatory elements between the two types of investigated samples. In conclusion, the obtained urine fluorescence spectra allow a clear differentiation between diabetic and non-diabetic rats.

Evaluation of Urinary Tryptophan Metabolite Levels in Non-diabetic Compared to Diabetic Rats

Clinical-therapeutic coordinates in urinary retention

In the pathology of the urinary system, given its structural and functional complexity, the clinician must correlate the data obtained from the clinical and paraclinical examination. The aim of the study was to identify and apply the most relevant paraclinical methods for establishing the diagnosis of renal disease in dogs and to develop a reliable and easy to use working protocol. The biological material consisted of 25 dogs of different ages and sexes. The conventional and contrast-enhanced radiological examination together with the ecography, spectrofluorimetric analysis, urinary sediment examination, renal biopsy, cytological examination completed the disease information in order to establish a certitude diagnosis. In the management of patients with urinary disorders, the working protocol should include not only the animal anamnesis and a complete clinical examination but also a paraclinical examination which should be used depending on the patient’s clinical manifestations.

Paraclinical Investigations in the Pathology of the Urinary System in Dogs

The purpose of this paper is to emphasise the importance of the clinical exam in the evaluation of dogs with neurological disorders. A strict evaluation of this group of dogs during the clinical examination conduces to a more rapid diagnosis, reducing the risk of radiation and unnecessary costs by using the modern medical imaging techniques. Dogs from different breeds, of different ages and sex were examined. After the typical clinical procedures, for all the animals a neurological examination was performed. Once we have received the ownerâ€™s consent, basic blood biochemistry and haematology was performed. The VITAMIND protocol was mandatory for each dog. In order to establish the final diagnosis, the dogs were examined by imaging techniques or by other tests (e.g. for endocrynopathies). Further the dogs were treated systematically with appropriate drugs. The results show that all the diagnoses of the examined dogs can be confirmed by imaging and/or other techniques (physical examination methods), depending on the diseaseâ€™ etiology. In order to have a correct and quick diagnosis of animals with neurological disorders, a certain examination protocol should be followed. The effectiveness of the treatments was different, according to the specific disease. Taking everything into account, the diagnostic medical imaging techniques are very important but not always necessary. Precious time is saved when the examining physician is able to evaluate and interpret the clinical signs obtained by the animal inspection.

The Relevance and Limitations of the Imaging Diagnosis in Dogs ʼNeurological Disorders

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Paraclinical Investigations in the Pathology of the Urinary System in Dogs

The Relevance and Limitations of the Imaging Diagnosis in Dogs ʼNeurological Disorders