Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

(1975). Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 29, Humanist Issues in Architecture, pp. 32-32.

Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes and Values

Winner, 1995, category of Archeology and Anthropology, Professional/Scholarly Publishing Annual Awards Competition presented by the Association of American Publishers, Inc.Based on her extensive experience in the urban communities of Los Angeles, historian and architect Dolores Hayden proposes new perspectives on gender, race, and ethnicity to broaden the practice of public history and public art, enlarge urban preservation, and reorient the writing of urban history to spatial struggles.In the first part of "The Power of Place," Hayden outlines the elements of a social history of urban space to connect people's lives and livelihoods to the urban landscape as it changes over time. She then explores how communities and professionals can tap the power of historic urban landscapes to nurture public memory.The second part documents a decade of research and practice by The Power of Place, a nonprofit organization Hayden founded in downtown Los Angeles. Through public meetings, walking tours, artists's books, and permanent public sculpture, as well as architectural preservation, teams of historians, designers, planners, and artists worked together to understand, preserve, and commemorate urban landscape history as African American, Latina, and Asian American families have experienced it.One project celebrates the urban homestead of Biddy Mason, an African American ex-slave and midwife active betwen 1856 and 1891. Another reinterprets the Embassy Theater where Rose Pesotta, Luisa Moreno, and Josefina Fierro de Bright organized Latina dressmakers and cannery workers in the 1930s and 1940s. A third chapter tells the story of a historic district where Japanese American family businesses flourished from the 1890s to the 1940s. Each project deals with bitter memories--slavery, repatriation, internment--but shows how citizens survived and persevered to build an urban life for themselves, their families, and their communities.Drawing on many similar efforts around the United States, from New York to Charleston, Seattle to Cincinnati, Hayden finds a broad new movement across urban preservation, public history, and public art to accept American diversity at the heart of the vernacular urban landscape. She provides dozens of models for creative urban history projects in cities and towns across the country.

The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History.

Edited by L Frank, P Engelke, T Schmid. Washington, DC: 2003, $30.00, pp 253. ISBN 1-55963-917-2

Sedentary behaviour is a major cause of poor health worldwide both through the direct effects of inactivity on health and indirectly via its contribution to obesity. Health and Community Design describes the role of the built environment as a potential contributor to physical inactivity …

https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/59/3/250.3.full.pdf

Health and community design: the impact of the built environment on physical activity

Commuting by bicycle has advantages over other modes of transport,both for the commuter and for society.Although cycling is an option for many commuters,a considerable number of them choose to use other forms of trans-port.In order to underpin policies that promote commuting by bicy-cle,this paper investigates the de-terminants for commuting to work.As many bicycle commuters do notcycle every day,we also examine people’s daily choices,in terms of frequency.We conducted a survey of the current literature in order to identify the determinants for com-muting by bicycle.We found many determinants,not all of which are addressed by conventional mode choice studies and models.This suggests that predicting and influ-encing bicycle use needs to be grounded in other kinds of knowl-edge than those currently available for motorized forms of transport.

Commuting by Bicycle:An Overview of the Literature

This article examines the relationship of the built environment to physical activity in suburban multifamily housing developments in a medium-sized city, testing Alfonzo’s (2005) model of decisions...

Pedestrian-Friendly Environments and Active Travel for Residents of Multifamily Housing: The Role of Preferences and Perceptions

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are already being used and their proliferation is inevitable. AVs have the potential to fundamentally alter transportation systems by averting deadly crashes, providing critical mobility to the elderly and disabled, increasing road capacity, saving fuel, and lowering emissions (Fagnant and Kockelman 2015). Eighteen states and the District of Columbia have enacted legislation regarding AVs1, and the governors of four other states have signed executive orders about AVs2 (National Conference of State Legislatures 2017). In 2017 there were 33 states that had introduced AV legislation, up from 20 in 2016 (National Conference of State Legislatures 2017). As of June 2, 2017, there were 31 companies that had received permits from the California DMV to test autonomous vehicles, and the list is getting longer each month (California Department of Motor Vehicles 2017). In Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, Germany’s largest train and bus operator, is testing a driverless twelve-passenger shuttle bus (Scott 2017). Over 20 pilot or existing AV public transport programs have taken place in Europe. And the most recent AV testing permit recipient in California is a private shuttle bus operator — Bauer’s Intelligent Transportation (California Department of Motor Vehicles 2017). 
Much has been written about the technical challenges of integrating autonomous vehicles into traffic patterns, but to date, there has been little consideration of the significant secondary impacts that AVs present. This project aims to fill that gap. AVs have the potential to transform cities — but whether the impact is positive or not depends on how the AVs are used. If AVs use clean fuels, are used for shared rides, and become an on-demand service rather than an owned product, cities and society may benefit. Consumer-owned cars are inefficient and underused assets — most are used for less than one hour per day (OECD 2015), sitting idle for about 95 of their life, and about 10 percent of the average American’s budget goes to the cost of purchasing and fueling private vehicles (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2016). AVs will impact land use planning, transit use, government revenues, and may exacerbate societal inequality by reducing the viability of existing public transportation services. 
The goal of this white paper is to consider the impact of AVs on municipal budgets. AVs create a “potential rat’s nest of a budgeting challenge” (Fung 2016). This paper seeks to begin the process of untangling that rat’s nest, and provide the foundation for future phases of the project that will consider potential additional revenue sources to fund the infrastructure changes that may come from the integration of AVs as well as land use planning implications.

/pdf/the-impacts-of-autonomous-vehicles-and-e-commerce-on-local-2b7ya8fuxa.pdf

The Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles and E-Commerce: On Local Government Budgeting and Finance

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) offer a new entryway into society-wide conversations regarding transportation, functions of cities, the use of streets and, ultimately, urban sustainability. AVs are likely to disrupt urban spaces from city centers to the suburbs and rural edges of cities. This chapter focuses on these places. It tests potential changes to the built environment in two different urban contexts; a street-car suburban location (circa 1920s–30s) and a post-war suburban location. The outcomes from these tests are used to offer insight into how autonomous technology may have different impacts across space. The outcomes also reveal AVs may impact modal decisions differently based on location, and how planners and policy makers might frame built environment solutions to promote sustainable and livable urbanism.

Autonomous Vehicles and the Built Environment: Exploring the Impacts on Different Urban Contexts

Suburban multifamily housing is an often overlooked housing typology that is the fastest growing housing market in the United States and holds strong potential for achieving smart growth goals in suburbia. This paper focuses on understanding the roots of suburban multifamily site design and development. Through case studies of suburban multifamily development in Oregon, Arizona, Florida, and Massachusetts, this paper looks at the specific ways in which regulation, typical development practice, and design culture have shaped the current pattern of suburban multifamily development. It then proposes ways in which current planning, development, and design practices might shift in order to take advantage of this growing housing trend to create multi‐modal, more livable, and less congested suburban communities.

Untapped density: site design and the proliferation of suburban multifamily housing

/pdf/older-adults-new-mobility-and-automated-vehicles-2svih3nxpm.pdf

Older Adults, New Mobility, and Automated Vehicles

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