The fabrication of graphene-based microwave absorbing materials with low density, small filling ratio, broad bandwidth and strong absorption remains a huge challenge. In this work, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/magnesium ferrite/polyaniline (NRGO/MgFe2O4/PANI) composite aerogel was synthesized by a three-step method of solvothermal reaction, in situ chemical oxidation polymerization and hydrothermal self-assembly. The results showed that the obtained aerogels had a unique three-dimensional (3D) porous network structure and low bulk density (11.1–13.0 mg cm−3). It was worth noting that in the NRGO/MgFe2O4/PANI ternary composite aerogel, MgFe2O4 coated with a thin PANI layer was anchored on the surface of NRGO sheets. Furthermore, the NRGO/MgFe2O4/PANI ternary composite aerogel showed much better microwave absorbing capacity compared with pure NRGO aerogel and NRGO/MgFe2O4 binary composite aerogel. When the filling ratio was as low as 11.5 wt.%, the obtained ternary composite aerogel exhibited the maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.0 GHz at a matching thickness of 2.1 mm, and the minimum reflection loss of -42.9 dB at a thickness of 3.57 mm. Additionally, the probable microwave dissipation mechanism was also elucidated. It was believed that this study would pave the way for the construction of 3D graphene-based composites as lightweight, broadband and efficient microwave absorbents. 

Synthesis of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide/magnesium ferrite/polyaniline composite aerogel as a lightweight, broadband and efficient microwave absorber

Recent advances in graphene aerogels as absorption-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding materials

Construction of Multi-Dimensional  Nico/C/Cnt/Rgo Aerogel By Mof Derivative For Efficient Microwave Absorption

Hollow ZnO/ZnFe2O4 microspheres anchored graphene aerogels as a high-efficiency microwave absorber with thermal insulation and hydrophobic performances

Abstract Metal–organic gel (MOG) derived composites are promising multi-functional materials due to their alterable composition, identifiable chemical homogeneity, tunable shape, and porous structure. Herein, stable metal–organic hydrogels are prepared by regulating the complexation effect, solution polarity and curing speed. Meanwhile, collagen peptide is used to facilitate the fabrication of a porous aerogel with excellent physical properties as well as the homogeneous dispersion of magnetic particles during calcination. Subsequently, two kinds of heterometallic magnetic coupling systems are obtained through the application of Kirkendall effect. FeCo/nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) aerogel demonstrates an ultra-strong microwave absorption of − 85 dB at an ultra-low loading of 5%. After reducing the time taken by atom shifting, a FeCo/Fe 3 O 4 /NC aerogel containing virus-shaped particles is obtained, which achieves an ultra-broad absorption of 7.44 GHz at an ultra-thin thickness of 1.59 mm due to the coupling effect offered by dual-soft-magnetic particles. Furthermore, both aerogels show excellent thermal insulation property, and their outstanding radar stealth performances in J-20 aircraft are confirmed by computer simulation technology. The formation mechanism of MOG is also discussed along with the thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption mechanism of the aerogels, which will enable the development and application of novel and lightweight stealth coatings. 

Metal–Organic Gel Leading to Customized Magnetic-Coupling Engineering in Carbon Aerogels for Excellent Radar Stealth and Thermal Insulation Performances

Core-shell FeCo@carbon nanocages encapsulated in biomass-derived carbon aerogel: Architecture design and interface engineering of lightweight, anti-corrosion and superior microwave absorption.

Tunable design of ZnFe2O4@C@BPC hybrid with rich heterogeneous interfaces as a hydrophobic electromagnetic wave absorber

Component selection is crucial for microwave absorbents. Multi-component absorbers are increasingly useful and can be prepared through the rational design and control of various electrical, magnetic, and other auxiliary components. In this paper, Ni3Fe/NiFe2O4 nanospheres with two-phase magnetism were designed for use as a multi-component absorber. Specifically, a Ni3Fe/ NiFe2O4@SPC composite with 3D networks was successfully fabricated by hydrothermal method, high-temperature carbonization for activation, and electrostatic self-assembly. The contact interface and coupling effect between the two magnetic components can promote the attenuation of electromagnetic waves. Moreover, the introduction of porous carbon successfully inhibits the easy aggregation of the magnetic particles. Impressively, with a filling load of 10 wt%, the optimal RL of the prepared Ni3Fe/NiFe2O4@SPC composite reaches −60.6 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth is 5.2 GHz at 2 mm. The combination of two magnetic components and porous carbon in this multiphase microwave-absorbing composite demonstrates a feasible strategy for designing efficient microwave absorbers in the future. 

Two-phase magnetic nanospheres with magnetic coupling effect encapsulated in porous carbon to achieve lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers.

Double-carbon hierarchical engineering toward hetero-interfaces induced polarization and defect excitation

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Papers

Construction of Multi-Dimensional Nico/C/Cnt/Rgo Aerogel By Mof Derivative For Efficient Microwave Absorption

Core-shell FeCo@carbon nanocages encapsulated in biomass-derived carbon aerogel: Architecture design and interface engineering of lightweight, anti-corrosion and superior microwave absorption.

Tunable design of ZnFe2O4@C@BPC hybrid with rich heterogeneous interfaces as a hydrophobic electromagnetic wave absorber

Two-phase magnetic nanospheres with magnetic coupling effect encapsulated in porous carbon to achieve lightweight and efficient microwave absorbers.

Double-carbon hierarchical engineering toward hetero-interfaces induced polarization and defect excitation