Production of renewable fuels and chemicals from fats, oils, and grease (FOG) using homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts: Design, validation, and optimization

Proteins displayed on the cell surface of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) perform diverse and important biochemical roles. Among these, the cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) are one of the most widely studied and most exploited for biotechnological applications. CEPs are important players in the proteolytic system of LAB, because they are required by LAB to degrade proteins in the growth media into peptides and/or amino acids required for the nitrogen nutrition of LAB. The most important area of application of CEPs is therefore in protein hydrolysis, especially in dairy products. Also, the physical location of CEPs (i.e., being cell-envelope anchored) allows for relatively easy downstream processing (e.g., extraction) of CEPs. This review describes the biochemical features and organization of CEPs and how this fits them for the purpose of protein hydrolysis. It begins with a focus on the genetic organization and expression of CEPs. The catalytic behavior and cleavage specificities of CEPs from various LAB are also discussed. Following this, the extraction and purification of most CEPs reported to date is described. The industrial applications of CEPs in food technology, health promotion, as well as in the growing area of water purification are discussed. Techniques for improving the production and catalytic efficiency of CEPs are also given an important place in this review.

Cell-envelope proteinases from lactic acid bacteria: Biochemical features and biotechnological applications.

Egg yolk powder (EYP) is widely used in food processing due to its excellent emulsifying properties, but its poor solubility limits its market application as a powdered beverage. In this study, papain, trypsin, and subtilisin were used to hydrolyze egg yolk, and the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the solubility of EYP was investigated. The results showed that subtilisin treatment significantly improved the water dispersibility, powder solubility and stability coefficient of EYP (P

Effect of enzymatic hydrolysis on the solubility of egg yolk powder from the changes in structure and functional properties

Freeze drying has been well applied in the preparation of high-efficiency probiotic powders. However, the process is generally accompanied by probiotic viability deficiency, which is the bottleneck for further application. To improve the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 during freeze-drying, we optimized the cryoprotectant of B. bifidum BB01 by response surface methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD). In this study, two values of B. bifidum BB01 with different protectant factors were investigated, including freeze-drying survival rate and the viable counts of per unit weight of freeze-dried powder. The optimized cryoprotectants were obtained as follows: glycine of 5.5%, sodium bicarbonate of 0.8%, xylo-oligosaccharides of 7%, arginine of 4.5% and skim milk of 25%. The survival rate and the viable counts of per unit weight of powder were 90.37 ± 1.9% and (2.78 ± 0.13) × 1011cfu·g-1, respectively, both close to the predicted value (88.58% and 2.71 × 1011 cfu·g-1). Our research demonstrated that RSM was successful in optimizing composite cryoprotectant for freeze-dried powder of B. bifidum which can as well protect the probiotic cells.

Optimization of composite cryoprotectant for freeze-drying Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 by response surface methodology.

Potential anticarcinogenic effect of goat milk-derived bioactive peptides on HCT-116 human colorectal carcinoma cell line

Food-derived polysaccharides have advantages over synthetical compounds and have attracted interest globally for decades. In this study, we optimized the cellulase-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from white hyacinth bean (PWBs) with the aid of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum extraction parameters were a pH of 7.79, a cellulase of 2.73%, and a ratio of water to material of 61.39, producing a high polysaccharide yield (3.32 ± 0.03)%. The scavenging ability of PWBs varied on three radicals (hydroxyl > 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) > superoxide). Furthermore, PWBs contributed to the proliferation of three probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5, Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB6). These investigations of PWBs provide a novel bioresource for the exploitation of antioxidant and probiotic bacterial proliferation.

Cellulase-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from White Hyacinth Bean: Characterization of Antioxidant Activity and Promotion for Probiotics Proliferation.

Background Cell-envelope proteinases (CEPs) can improve the texture and organoleptic characteristics of dairy products, and may also cause the release of bioactive peptides, which contribute to improving the hostrs health. Thus, the CEPs with high activity produced by L. plantarum has great potential in the development of functional dairy products. Methods A single factor experiment was used to investigate the effects of prebiotics (inulin, stachyose, isomaltooligosaccharide, xylooligosaccharides, galactooligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides), inorganic salts (Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, CH3COONa and C6H14N2O7) and amino acids (arginine, leucine, serine, lysine, alanine and glutamic acid) on the activity of cell envelope proteinases (CEPs), specific activity, protein content, OD600 value and pH in MRS broth fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69. Results The optimum concentration of inulin (0.7%), isomaltooligosaccharide (0.5%), Na2HPO4 (0.4%), CH3COONa (0.4%), leucine (20 mg/L), serine (20 mg/L) for L. plantarum LP69 was estimated with the activity of CEP in the range 17.36n21.47 U/mL, protein content in the range 19.18n22.53 mg/mL, specific activity in the range 0.77n1.12 U/mg. Conclusions Inulin, isomaltooligosaccharide, Na2HPO4, CH3COONa, leucine and serine are superior to other selected substances, and have a significant influence on the CEP activity and specific activity of L. plantarum LP69. This would provide a reference for further optimization of CEP-producing media of L. plantarum LP69.

/pdf/effect-of-prebiotics-inorganic-salts-and-amino-acids-for-3xambi1zax.pdf

Effect of prebiotics, inorganic salts and amino acids for cell envelope proteinase production from Lactobacillus plantarum LP69.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to obtain the optimum proportion of the carbon source and prebiotics for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 by the central composite design (CCD). The effect of carbon source (lactose) and two prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) on the BB01 were observed by measuring the OD600 value, pH value and the viable counts at 18h. The final optimized concentrations of carbon source and prebiotics were: lactose 1.6%, inulin 0.26%, and fructooligosaccharides 0.22%. The result indicates that the growth of B. bifidum BB01 shows an significant increase in the optimized culture medium (p < 0.05), the OD600 value reached 1.434 at 18h, which increased 6.58% compared to the control. And the viable counts of B. bifidum BB01 increased 24.36% and reached (2.17±0.06) ×109cfu/mL. The results show that the optimization of the carbon source and prebiotics using CCD in this study is workable and necessary.

/pdf/application-of-central-composite-design-to-optimize-the-4xrfdxxdkv.pdf

Application of central composite design to optimize the amount of carbon source and prebiotics for Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01

In order to select the most important nutrients that influence the production of cell-envelope proteinase (CEP), Plackett–Burman design was employed to assess the effects of glucose, maltose, peptone, casein peptone, inulin, isomaltooligosaccharide, Na2HPO4, CH3COONa, leucine, and serine on the activity of CEP, protein content, specific activity, optical density (OD600) value and pH in MRS broth fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69. The results revealed that Na2HPO4, inulin, casein peptone and leucine significantly affect (P<0.05) the production of CEP. Additionally, Na2HPO4, inulin and leucine were negatively correlated with the enzyme activity and the specific activity, while casein peptone was positively correlated with the enzyme activity and the specific activity.

https://www.gup.ugal.ro/ugaljournals/index.php/food/article/download/2683/2374

Screening of the main nutrients for cell envelope proteinases production by Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 using Plackett-Burman design

The present invention discloses a preparation method of sheep milk containing biological active peptides. Lactobacillus plantarum LP69 is inoculated into a MRS broth culture medium, after a culture, acentrifugation is conducted, a supernatant is discarded, a microorganism body precipitate is collected, and then the microorganism body precipitate is washed repeatedly with a Tris-HCL buffer for 3 times to obtain the microorganism body; the Tris-HCL buffer is added to the microorganism body to be stirred evenly, a centrifugation is conducted, and a resulting supernatant is cell wall proteases; skim sheep milk powder and distilled water are mixed to obtain skim sheep milk; and the skim sheep milk, cell wall proteases, concentrated fruit juice, beta-cyclodextrin, a compound stabilizer, white granulated sugar and citric acids are mixed evenly, and the mixture is homogenized to obtain the sheep milk containing the biological active peptides. The lactobacillus plantarum LP69 cell wall proteases are added into the sheep milk and can hydrolyze sheep milk proteins to produce ACE inhibitory peptides and antioxidant peptides. After drinking, the sheep milk has health-care functions of loweringblood pressure, preventing oxidation, etc. A long term drinking of the sheep milk has a pressure lowering function for populations with high blood pressure, is free of side effects, and can promote digestion and scavenge free radicals. An addition of fruit juice ingredients enables the sheep milk to be better in mouthfeel and the sheep milk helps digestion, beautifies features and nourished skin.

Preparation method of sheep milk containing biological active peptides

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