Abstract Improving the physiological status expressed in adjusting the osmolytes and nutrients balance of plant cell is a crucial matter for ameliorating the hazards of salinity. In this context, humic substances have a significant role for stimulating the plant tolerance to various stresses. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the importance of foliar spray of humic acid (0 and 150 mg L −1 ) for avoiding the effect of salt stress (0, 4000 and 8000 mg L −1 ) on vegetative growth of pittosporum plant, protein, proline, peroxidase activity and nutrient components related to salinity. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Results revealed that the highest vegetative growth was recorded with mg L −1 humic acid. While, salinity levels of 4000, and 8000 mg L −1 led to increases in protein, proline peroxidase activity, and chloride and sodium inions. Compared to humic acid-untreated plants, application of humic acid under salinity level of 4000 mg L −1 enhanced plant height, root fresh weight plant −1 , root dry weight plant −1 , shoot fresh weight plant −1 and shoot dry weight plant −1 by 12.6, 10.9, 17.7, 43.4, 19.4%, respectively, in the second season. Humic acid application under all salinity levels showed favorable effect for keeping leaves in both seasons, since fallen leaves number was reduced. The increases in potassium (K) content reached about 12.0 and 22.4% under 4000 mg L −1 and 8000 mg L −1 , respectively, owing to humic acid application. Protein, proline content and peroxidase activity showed the minimal values under humic acid × salinity level of 4000 mg L −1 . It could be concluded that application of humic mitigates the harmful effect of salinity and improves the vegetative growth parameters and physiological status of pittosporum plants while increases the uptake of beneficial nutrients. 

Exogenous Application of Humic Acid Mitigates Salinity Stress on Pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) Plant by Adjusting the Osmolytes and Nutrient Homeostasis

Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims (Pittosporaceae): A review on a useful medicinal plant native to South Africa and tropical Africa

Thirteen new sesquiterpenoid glycoside esters, including 11 aromadendrane-type compounds, pitqinlingosides A-K (1-11), one cadinane-type compound, pitqinlingoside L (12), and one eudesmane-type compound, pitqinlingoside M (13), together with seven known analogues (14-20) were isolated from the twigs, fruits, and leaves of Pittosporum qinlingense. Structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and chemical methods. The absolute configuration was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography analysis or electronic circular dichroism spectra. Unusual glycoside esters are characterized by the presence of polyacylated β-d-fucopyranosyl, β-d-glucopyranosyl, and β-d-xylopyranosyl units. Pitqinlingosides A (1), B (2), D (4), and F (6), pittosporanoside A1 acetate (14), and pittosporanoside A1 (16) showed significant nitric oxide production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV-2 microglial cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.95 to 24.12 μM. Structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds are discussed.

Structurally Diverse Sesquiterpenoid Glycoside Esters from Pittosporum qinlingense with Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity.

Plant essential oils and phenolic compounds are widely used for their medicinal properties. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the nutritional values, the chemical composition, antioxidant activity and anti-hemolytic effects of Pittosporum tobira seeds. The aroma compounds were isolated using two methods (Headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and hydrodistillation (HD)) and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Bioactive phenolic compounds were identified by mean of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Reducing power, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays were used to investigate antioxidant activity. Anti-hemolytic activity was evaluated using H2O2-induced hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes were the most volatile fractions identified by HD and HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS but their quality and amount were quite different according to the extraction methodology. The main phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were caffeic acid, followed by cinnamic acid and gallic acid. P. tobira seeds essential oils showed significant antioxidant activity in DPPH (IC50 value = 1.5 mg/mL), H2O2 scavenging assay (IC50 value = 159.43 μg/mL) and reducing power test (IC50 value = 0.982 mg/mL) compared to methanolic extract. Moreover, the results revealed that the essential oil was able to protect RBC from hemolysis induced by H2O2. However, the methanolic extract had no effect on H2O2-induced hemolysis of RBC as compared to the essential oil and the standard vitamin C. P. tobira may be used as a new natural source of antioxidant with therapeutic application in diseases caused by reactive oxygen species. Phytochemical Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Pittosporum tobira seeds

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Evaluation of nutritional values, phenolic profile, aroma compounds and biological properties of Pittosporum tobira seeds

Oleanane-type glycosides from Pittosporum tenuifolium "variegatum" and P. tenuifolium "gold star".

Two new triterpenoid estersaponins and biological activities of Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' (Thunb.) W. T. Aiton leaves.

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Two new triterpenoid estersaponins and biological activities of Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' (Thunb.) W. T. Aiton leaves.