/pdf/vitamin-d-is-an-important-factor-in-estrogen-biosynthesis-of-4h6i9zzl87.pdf

Vitamin D Is an Important Factor in Estrogen Biosynthesis of Both Female and Male Gonads

The history of the discovery of vitamin D (VD) has crossed 100 years. Initially, VD deficiency was limitedly associated with the development of rickets in children. Later, on the basis of a number of studies, it was found that VD deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis in men and women. However, the traditional concept of VD as the main regulator of calcium-phosphorus metabolism has undergone dramatic changes over the past two decades. A prerequisite for revising the role of VD and the spectrum of its biological properties was the identification of the distribution of its specific receptors in the body. VD receptors are expressed in the intestine, thyroid and parathyroid glands, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, placenta, hypothalamus, pituitary gland and play a vital function not only in calcium homeostasis. Accordingly, the list of target organs for VD action has been modified. VD deficiency, calculated on a pandemic scale, is a factor that increases the risk of developing not only osteoporosis, but also a number of other diseases. Observational and epidemiological studies have shown that reproductive system disorders are very often combined with VD insufficiency / deficiency. Subsequent scientific research aimed at establishing the role of VD in the formation of a particular pathology of the reproductive system has shown very ambiguous results. VD is recognized as an essential component of maintaining a woman’s reproductive health. Of course, the presence of an established association is not evidence of a causal relationship. There is a need for additional testing. This review focuses on the effect of VD on ovarian function and the formation of various dysfunctional conditions.

/pdf/ovarian-effects-of-vitamin-d-a-systematic-review-31gbnup711.pdf

Ovarian effects of vitamin D: a systematic review

Introduction: Approximately 20% of women who are of reproductive age suffer from the common endocrine illness known as polycystic ovarian syndrome, or PCOS. Vitamin D insufficiency is common among PCOS-affected women. The symptoms of PCOS seem to be regulated by the vitamin D pathway. According to studies, women with PCOS had high frequencies of vitamin D insufficiency, ranging from 65.0% to 70.3%. Thus, we aimed to discover how common vitamin D deficiency was in women diagnosed with PCOS. 
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, CMH- Rawalpindi, from January to July 2022. A total of 90 women with polycystic ovarian syndrome diagnosed on Rotterdam criteria, 18 to 40 years of age, were included through a non-probability consecutive sampling technique. Pregnant female patients with chronic illnesses were excluded. After informed consent, data was collected from patients on a self-developed questionnaire. In all patients, a 3 ml blood sample was taken and sent to the institutional pathology laboratory to measure vitamin D levels.  
Results: The patients' average age was 28.91 ± 4.85 years—ages 18 to 30 comprised most of the 48 patients (53.33%). The average time a person had PCOS was 3.64 ± 1.58 years. The average body mass index was 29.02 ± 2.43 kg/m2. Forty-one (45.56%) of the PCOS patients had vitamin D insufficiency. 
Conclusion: As the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in women with PCOS is relatively high, we recommend that early identification through screening of the affected patients should be done.

Frequency of Vitamin D deficiency in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.

The Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on the Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer Outcome

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s43043-020-00034-3.pdf

Relation of serum vitamin D level in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients to ICSI outcome

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Relation of serum vitamin D level in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients to ICSI outcome