[신간의 별자리x] 우리/미술, 그리고 ‘슬픔의 박물관’

Serum lipid peroxide in cerebrovascular disorders determined by a new colorimetric method

Fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. Quercetin and kaempferol are among the most ubiquitous polyphenols in fruit and vegetables. Most of the quercetin and kaempferol in plants is attached to sugar moieties rather than in the free form. The types and attachments of sugars impact bioavailability, and thus bioactivity. This article aims to review the current literature on the bioavailability of quercetin and kaempferol from food sources and evaluate the potential cardiovascular effects in humans. Foods with the highest concentrations of quercetin and kaempferol in plants are not necessarily the most bioavailable sources. Glucoside conjugates which are found in onions appear to have the highest bioavailability in humans. The absorbed quercetin and kaempferol are rapidly metabolized in the liver and circulate as methyl, glucuronide, and sulfate metabolites. These metabolites can be measured in the blood and urine to assess bioactivity in human trials. The optimal effective dose of quercetin reported to have beneficial effect of lowering blood pressure and inflammation is 500 mg of the aglycone form. Few clinical studies have examined the potential cardiovascular effects of high intakes of quercetin- and kaempferol-rich plants. However, it is possible that a lower dosage from plant sources could be effective due to of its higher bioavailability compared to the aglycone form. Studies are needed to evaluate the potential cardiovascular benefits of plants rich in quercetin and kaempferol glycoside conjugates.

/pdf/dietary-quercetin-and-kaempferol-bioavailability-and-f6rxxr60bd.pdf

Dietary Quercetin and Kaempferol: Bioavailability and Potential Cardiovascular-Related Bioactivity in Humans

/pdf/archives-of-pathology-laboratory-medicine-3hj8up1ues.pdf

Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine

Ginger rhizomes (Zingiber officinale): A spice with multiple health beneficial potentials

Background/aim
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Increased oxidative stress has been shown to be a prominent and early feature in AD. Medicinal plants with antioxidant activities have been used traditionally in the treatment of several human diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the possible prophylactic and therapeutic effects of aqueous infusions of Boswellia serrata on AD induced in rats. 
Materials and methods
Ninety adult male Sprague Dawley rats were enrolled in this study and were divided into 9 groups (ten each). Groups 1-5 for the protective study, 6-9 for the therapeutic study as follows: 1st group: negative control group in which rats were given daily oral dose of 1ml tab water, 2nd group: induction of animal model mimicking AD by daily oral administration of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) to rats in a dose of 17 mg/kg for 4 successive weeks; 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups: rats were orally given rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg/day), Boswellia serrata (45 and 90 mg/kg /day respectively), for two weeks followed by combination of each treatment with AlCl3 for another four successive weeks. Groups 6-9 for the therapeutic study: 6th group: AD induced group which acted as a model mimicking AD in humans received orally 1ml of tab water only for 12 successive weeks and served as therapeutic untreated group. 7th, 8th and 9th groups: AD rats treated orally with rivastigmine (0.3 mg/kg/day), Boswellia serrata (45 and 90 mg/kg /day respectively) daily for 12 successive weeks. At baseline (before induction of AD), before treatment, then after each treatment, behavioral stress tests as activity cages, rotarod, and T-maze tests were done. At the end of all experiments rats' brains were dissected and divided sagitally into two portions, the first portion was homogenized for determination of acetylcholine (Ach) and acetycholinesterase (AchE) levels. The second portion was used for histopathologic examination. 
Results
The present study indicated that Boswellia serrata when was used for treatment of AlCl3 induced AD, its high dose only produced increased activity of rats in the activity cage, duration of rats revolving on the rotarod and reduction in the duration taken by rats to reach food in the T-maze test. Both doses produced elevation of Ach level and reduction of AchE activity in brain homogenates. These results were consistent with the histopathological findings in brain tissues where, the neurons appear more or less like normal ones.
Conclusion
This study revealed that the treatment of AD-induced rats with aqueous infusions of B. serrata significantly ameliorates the neurodegenerative characteristics of ADs in rats.

Effect of Boswellia serrata on Alzheimer's disease induced in rats

BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is the common pathologic consequence of all chronic liver diseases.AIM: Lactoferrin (Lf) was investigated for its possible hepatoprotective effect against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis rat model.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats received TAA (200 mg/kg/biweekly, ip) for four successive weeks. Lf (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) or vehicle (VHC) was administered for one month before and another month during TAA injection. Body weight and mortality rate were assessed during the month of TAA-intoxication. Thereafter, serum and liver tissues were analyzed for liver function, oxidative, fibrotic and apoptotic markers.RESULTS: Lf conserved rats against TAA-induced body weight-loss and mortality. Preservation of serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels was also observed. Lf also protected rats against TAA-induced decrease in reduced glutathione and increase in malondialdehyde liver contents. Normal liver contents of hydroxyproline, nuclear factor kappa B and alpha fetoprotein; as markers of fibrosis; were increased with TAA and conserved with Lf-TAA. Lf maintained the normal architecture of the liver and immunohistochemical findings revealed increase in apoptotic bodies compared to TAA that favored necrosis.CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Lf improved liver function, reduced oxidative stress and liver fibrosis, and enhanced apoptosis in rats with liver fibrosis, suggesting it to have useful therapeutic potential in patients with liver fibrosis.

/pdf/lactoferrin-enhanced-apoptosis-and-protected-against-1s07xl55yh.pdf

Lactoferrin Enhanced Apoptosis and Protected Against Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats.

Diabetes is the most common metabolic disorder in both developing and non-developing countries, and a well-recognized global health problem. The WHO anticipates an increase in cases from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million by 2030. In the present study, we focus on the preparation of pyrimidine derivatives as potential antidiabetic and antimicrobial agents. Thein vivoeffect on total serum glucose concentration, cholesterol and antioxidant activity was assessed in adult male albino Wister rats and compared to the reference drug glimperide. Promising results were observed for compound 5. The histopathological study confirms that compound 5 results in significant activity with liver maintenance. The antimicrobial activities were evaluated against several bacterial strains such as Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 25566, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli NRRN 3008, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538and fungi such as Rhizopus oligosporus, Mucor miehei and Asperillus niger. Compounds 4 and 5 showed a good inhibition of the bacterial zone compared to the reference drug cephradine. Finally, we suggest protein targets for these drugs based on computational analysis, and infer their activities from their predicted modes of binding using molecular modeling. The molecular modeling for compounds 4 and 5 resulted in improved docking scores and hydrogen bonding. The docking studies are in good agreement with the in vitro and in vivo studies.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/8/2370/pdf

Promising Antidiabetic and Antimicrobial Agents Based on Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives: Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation with Histopathological Effect.

OBJECTIVE: Liver fibrosis is a global health problem that causes approximately 1.4 million deaths per year. It is associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, necrosis and ends with cirrhosis, liver cancer, or liver failure. Therefore, the present study was constructed to investigate the protective effect of resveratrol (RVT) on liver fibrosis, focusing on the possible involvement of alpha 1-fetoprotein and protein kinase C signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats received thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) twice weekly, for 4 successive weeks to induce liver fibrosis. RVT (30 mg/kg, per os) and vehicle were administered orally for 1 month before and another month during TAA intoxication. Body weights and mortality rate were assessed during the experiment. Liver functions and protein concentration were determined in serum, while liver tissues were analyzed for oxidative and fibrotic biomarkers. Moreover, histological examinations were performed to liver biopsies. RESULTS: RVT prevented the debility of TAA; liver functions including alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin were also protected. RVT prevented TAA oxidative stress, and normal liver contents of malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were markedly preserved. In addition, RVT abolished the stimulant effect of TAA to fibrosis markers and conserved normal liver contents of nuclear factor kappa B, hydroxyproline, and alpha fetoprotein. Histological examinations indicated normal liver architecture in RVT-administered rats as compared to their TAA-administered peers. CONCLUSION: RVT was able to enhance liver functions, prevent oxidative stress, and eliminate liver fibrosis. Hence, the present data highlight the therapeutic potential of RVT as a protective agent against liver fibrosis.

Resveratrol prevents liver fibrosis via two possible pathways: Modulation of alpha fetoprotein transcriptional levels and normalization of protein kinase C responses

A comparison of different fractions of the fruit of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum) was performed in order to investigate their effects on serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoproteins: HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol in normal rats. Female Sprague-Dawely rats were treated orally with different fractions of the Doum plant. We used atorvastatin and a natural extract of Monascus purpureus as references. The total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, Non-HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated. Three fractions of the Doum plant exhibited a highly significant decrease in serum cholesterol and Non-HDL cholesterol. One fraction exhibited a highly significant decrease in cholesterol level but with only a moderately significant effect in decreasing the Non-HDL level. Decreasing Non-HDL, especially LDL, cholesterol, can reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. The natural, safe and non-toxic Doum plant could be of great merit for use as a hypocholesterolemic drug.

Comparative studies on hypocholesterolemic effect of different fractions of Hyphaene thebaica (Doum) in experimental animals.

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