Deliberations about deliberative methods: issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes

In 1971 it was hypothesised that intergenerational value changes were taking place. More than a generation has passed since then, and today it seems clear that the predicted changes have occurred. A large body of evidence, analysed using three different approaches – (1) cohort analysis; (2) comparisons of rich and poor countries; (3) examination of actual trends observed over the past 35 years – all points to the conclusion that major cultural changes are occurring, and that they reflect a process of intergenerational change linked with rising levels of existential security.

/pdf/changing-values-among-western-publics-from-1970-to-2006-5ad3s43kno.pdf

Changing Values among Western Publics from 1970 to 2006

. This article looks at the socio-demographic sources of turnout decline in Canada. The analysis is based on the Canadian Election Studies that have been conducted between 1968 and 2000. There is a small period effect which suggests that the propensity to vote has declined marginally (by about three percentage points) in all demographic groups. There are substantial life cycle effects – that is, turnout shifts within a given cohort as members of that cohort grow older. There are powerful generation effects: turnout differs among the various cohorts even when we compare them at the same stage of their life cycle. The much lower turnout among the post-baby-boomers is the main reason why turnout has declined overall in Canada. The most recent generations are less prone to vote in good part because they pay less attention to politics and because they are less likely to adhere to the norm that voting is not only a right, but also a moral duty. The decline in turnout thus reflects a larger cultural change. Education remains an important correlate of voting. The increase in educational attainment has contributed to dampening the decline in turnout. There is no evidence that the decline in turnout has been more acute among certain sub-groups of the electorate (leaving aside age and education).

Where does turnout decline come from

This research investigates how levels of citizen trust in government and compliance are affected by citizens’ use of the Internet. Starting from the premise that information is a key determinant of public opinion and citizen behavior, this research explores the extent to which the time that citizens spend on the Internet affects their trust in government and compliance with government policies, compared with the influence of the traditional, offline, mass media modalities, such as newspapers. In addition, we also assess the impact of citizens’ use of e-government on levels of trust in government and compliance. The results of the analyses suggest that the more time individuals spend on the Internet, the lower their degree of trust in government and lower level of citizen compliance. However, our results also suggest that such negative effects of the Internet can be moderated through citizens’ increased use of e-government.

/pdf/internet-trust-in-government-and-citizen-compliance-3xbteuap3u.pdf

Internet, Trust in Government, and Citizen Compliance

Voter turnout has consistently declined since the 1980s across a wide range of advanced democracies. Much of this decline appears to be the result of young people abstaining. In this article the au...

The Source of Turnout Decline: New Values or New Contexts?

Part I: Setting the Stage Chapter One: A Decade of Turmoil Interpreting Turmoil Canada as One Stage Three Perspectives on Canadian Value Change: 1. Canada as an Advanced Industrial State 2. Canada as a North American State 3. Canada as an Immigrant Society Chapter Two: Setting the Stage Structural Shifts in Context From Structural Change to Value Change Public Priorities and Orientations Towards Authority Conclusions Part II: Political Value Change Chapter Three: A Changing Political Culture Interest in Politics Confidence in Governmental Institutions Confidence in Non-Governemtnal Institutions The Rise of Cosmopolitanism Conclusions Chapter Four: Changing Patterns of Political Participation The Rise of Protest Behaviour New Movements The Case of Environmentalism Civil Permissiveness Orientations Towards Change Challenging Public Authority Conclusions Part III: Economic Value Change Chapter Five: Changing Economic Cultures Support for the Free Market Why do People Live in Need When Jobs are Scarce Free Markets and Free Trade: The Case of NAFTA Conclusions Chapter Six: A Changing Work Culture The Work Ethic and Pride in Work Why do People Work? Elaborating Canadian-U.S. Comparisons Workplace Participation Conclusions Part IV: Primary Relations Chapter Seven: Moral Outlooks Shifting Religious Orientations Moral Permissiveness Tolerance Situation Tolerance Conclusions Chapter Eight: Family Values, Stability and Change The Family and Marriage Women and Men, Family and Work Parents and Children Connecting Authority Orientations: The Family, Work, and the Polity Conclusions Part V: Conclusions Chapter Nine: Patterns of Change Canada as an Advanced Industrial State: Perspective 1 Canada as a North American State: Perspective 2 Canada as an Immigrant Society: Perspective 3 Revisiting Authority Orientations Authority Orientations and the Status Quo Appendix: World Values Survey Index

The Decline of Deference: Canadian Value Change in Cross National Perspective

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The Decline of Deference: Canadian Value Change in Cross National Perspective