
 
 Adolescence is the critical stage of an individual’s growth and development that determines their nutritional status in the future. Adolescent overnutrition has become an increasing public health concern in developing countries like Ethiopia.
 
 
 
 This study was designed to determine the magnitude and determinants of overnutrition among school-going adolescents in Dale District of Ethiopia.
 
 
 
 An institution-based cross-sectional study was done between November and December 2020. A total of 333 school-going adolescents aged 10–19 years participated in this study. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, physical activity level, dietary energy intake, and height and weight data were collected. Body Mass Index for age Z-score (BAZ) was computed. Binary and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the association of outcome variable with explanatory variables, and results were reported using adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval.
 
 
 
 The magnitude of overnutrition was 7.2% (10.8% in the urban versus. 3.6% of rural schools). Overnutrition was positively associated with lack of sufficient play area within the school (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI [1.02–6.26]), being an urban resident (AOR = 3.05, 95% CI [1.12–8.29]), positive energy balance (AOR = 9.47, 95% CI [1.58–56.80]), consuming fast foods within a month before the survey date (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI [1.93–6.83]), having moderate (AOR = 9.28, 95% CI [6.70–71.63]) or low physical activity (PA) (AOR = 7.95, 95% CI [1.12–56.72]), and consuming snack within last one week before the survey date (AOR = 3.32, 95% CI [1.15–9.58]).
 
 
 
 The magnitude of overnutrition among school-going adolescents was suboptimal. Sedentary lifestyles, excess calorie intake, having inadequate play areas within the school, and having snack and fast foods were determinants for overnutrition in the study area.


Overnutrition in adolescents and its associated factors in Dale district schools in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Background Overnutrition among adolescents is becoming a major public health concern, with all the adverse consequences associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. Hence, clear evidence linking dietary consumption with the risk of overnutrition is crucial for targeted dietary recommendations using a robust statistical approach. This study assessed the link between dietary consumption patterns and the risks of overnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. Method A community-based survey was conducted on a random sample of 510 adolescents selected using a stratified random sampling via proportional allocation. Dietary consumption was captured using a validated and contextualized 80-item food frequency questionnaire over the past month through a face-to-face interview. Weight and height were measured under a standard procedure. Body Mass Index for Age Z-score (BAZ) was calculated, and BAZ above +1 was considered overnutrition. The frequency measures were standardized into daily equivalents, and dietary patterns were derived using exploratory factor analysis after checking for assumptions. A bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 510 participants were enrolled. Four major dietary patterns (“cereals, energy, and discretionary calory,” “fat, oil, and milk groups,” “proteins and vegetables,” and “fruits”), explaining 66.6% of the total variation, were identified. The overall prevalence of overnutrition was 29.0% (27–31%), where 22.5 and 6.5% were overweight and obese, respectively. Physical inactivity (AOR = 6.27; 95% CI: 2.75–14.3), maternal literacy (AOR = 111.3; 95% CI: 50.0–247.8), habit of snacking (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.69–4.67), skipping meals (AOR = 2.05; 955 CI: 0.84–5.04), cereals and discretionary food dietary pattern (AOR = 2.28; 95 CI: 0.94–5.55), and protein–rich and vegetable dietary pattern (AOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.97–5.46) were important factors associated with odds of overnutrition. Conclusion Overnutrition is a public health concern affecting one-third of adolescents, and it is closely linked with dietary consumption patterns, eating behaviors, wealth status, literacy, and level of physical activity. Therefore, public health interventions targeting unhealthy eating and lifestyles are urgently needed to curb the increasing burden of overnutrition among adolescents and its future complications.

Association between dietary consumption patterns and the development of adolescent overnutrition in eastern Ethiopia: new perspectives

A healthy diet is essential to a child’s growth and development because it helps them to establish a firm foundation for staying healthy from an early age and also ensures healthy development of the brain and other key organs which further helps in the development of immunity against infectious diseases as well as decreases the incidence of malnutrition in all of its manifestations. The goal of the study is to compare and assess the nutritional status and its risk factor among children in Private and Government Schools. A Cross-sectional observational study was carried out among 200 samples in selected schools of Bengaluru. The data was collected by using self-designed and validated questionnaire, responses were recorded and BMI & waist-hip ratio were calculated. It was found that the underweight prevalence was much higher among Government School students and overweight prevalence was higher among Private School students.

pdf/nutritional-status-of-children-a-comparative-study-among-2feija5zco.pdf

Nutritional Status of Children- A Comparative Study among Students in Government and Private Schools

Background Ethiopia has undergone rapid economic growth over the last two decades that could influence the diets and nutrition of young people. This work systematically reviewed primary studies on adolescent nutrition from Ethiopia, to inform future interventions to guide policies and programs for this age group. Method A systematic search of electronic databases for published studies on the prevalence of and interventions for adolescent malnutrition in Ethiopia in the English language since the year 2000 was performed using a three-step search strategy. The results were checked for quality using the Joanna Bridge Institute (JBI) checklist, and synthesized and presented as a narrative description. Results Seventy six articles and two national surveys were reviewed. These documented nutritional status in terms of anthropometry, micronutrient status, dietary diversity, food-insecurity, and eating habits. In the meta-analysis the pooled prevalence of stunting, thinness and overweight/obesity was 22.4% (95% CI: 18.9, 25.9), 17.7% (95% CI: 14.6, 20.8) and 10.6% (7.9, 13.3), respectively. The prevalence of undernutrition ranged from 4% to 54% for stunting and from 5% to 29% for thinness. Overweight/obesity ranged from 1% to 17%. Prevalence of stunting and thinness were higher in boys and rural adolescents, whereas overweight/obesity was higher in girls and urban adolescents. The prevalence of anemia ranged from 9% to 33%. Approximately 40%-52% of adolescents have iodine deficiency and associated risk of goiter. Frequent micronutrient deficiencies are vitamin D (42%), zinc (38%), folate (15%), and vitamin A (6.3%). Conclusions The adolescent population in Ethiopia is facing multiple micronutrient deficiencies and a double-burden of malnutrition, although undernutrition is predominant. The magnitude of nutritional problems varies by gender and setting. Context-relevant interventions are required to effectively improve the nutrition and health of adolescents in Ethiopia.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-adolescent-2qv9y312.pdf

A systematic review and meta-analysis of adolescent nutrition in Ethiopia: Transforming adolescent lives through nutrition (TALENT) initiative

Obesity affects approximately 13% of the adult population, resulting in excessive fat cell deposition and metabolic dysfunction. Collagen, a protein that supports skin regeneration, muscle building, and pain relief, is studied in Drosophila melanogaster under different diet conditions. This experiment aims to test whether overnutrition affects physiology and collagen due to any anatomical changes in Drosophila Melanogaster, more commonly known as fruit flies. The research conducted over several weeks utilizes two diets: an obesity-inducing diet containing excessive glucose and coconut oil and a traditional diet of blue food medium, yeast, and water. The study groups include a wild-type, collagen-mutated, and obesity-mutated group, with multiple assays measuring how the obesity-inducing diet affects each population and their collagen levels. The results reveal that the obese group experienced higher food consumption levels but had lower locomotive ability than the other test groups. Hydroxyproline, the building amino acid for collagen, and collagen levels were higher in the obesity mutant than in the wild-type and collagen mutated group. The study shows that anatomical changes in organisms are influenced by both diet and movement. The obesity group, on an obesity-inducing diet, experienced decreased movement related to increased food intake and decreased neural activity. The high-fat and high-sugar diet suppressed neuronal autophagy, created inaccurate hunger and satiety perceptions, and increased collagen deposition. Anatomical changes were observed in collagen-heavy tissue areas, whereas decreased neural activity and increased feeding rates were behavioral changes. The study emphasized the importance of a healthy diet and exercise in promoting overall health.

/pdf/the-effect-of-overnutrition-on-mediated-collagen-in-1g08uv8w.pdf

The Effect of Overnutrition on Mediated Collagen in Drosophila Melanogaster Physiology

Background Adolescent overnutrition is becoming a global public health problem, increasing at an alarming rate in developing countries. Overnutrition increases the risks of serious diet-related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. However, there is limited evidence on the magnitude and risk factors of overnutrition in the study area. Objective To determine the magnitude of overnutrition and associated factors among school adolescents in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to June 2021 among 498 adolescent students selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure. A systematic random sampling technique was employed. Self-administered questionnaires, including food frequency and anthropometric measurement, were used to collect the data. The BMI-for-age Z score was calculated using the WHO Anthro-Plus. A binary logistic regression model was fitted with an odds ratio, and 95% confidence levels. Statistical significance is declared at a p-value below 0.05. Results A total of 498 (98.4%) were included with the overall prevalence of overnutrition of 26.1% (95% CI: 22.3–29.9), where 23.7% and 2.4% had overweight and obesity, respectively. Being female (AOR = 3.32; 95% CI: 1.65–6.63), attending at private school (AOR = 4.97; 95% CI: 1.72–14.35), having sweet food preferences (AOR = 6.26; 95% CI: 3.14–12.5), snacking (AOR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.11–8.36), sedentary behavior (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 1.67–6.09), and eating while watching TV (AOR= 2.95; 95% CI: 1.47–5.95) were significantly associated with overnutrition. Conclusion Overnutrition is a major emerging public health problem in eastern Ethiopia. School type, sex, sweet food preferences, habits of snacking, sedentary behaviors, and eating while watching TV were significantly associated with overnutrition. Therefore, public health strategies to curb overweight and obesity among high school adolescents are urgently needed in order to reduce the prevalence and its adverse complications.

https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=77699

Overnutrition and Associated Factors Among High School Adolescents in Mid COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Neglected Public Health Concern

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Overnutrition and Associated Factors Among High School Adolescents in Mid COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Neglected Public Health Concern