Application of biochar for the adsorption of organic pollutants from wastewater: Modification strategies, mechanisms and challenges

Optimising water holding capacity and hydrophobicity of biochar for soil amendment - A review.

A review on disposal and utilization of phytoremediation plants containing heavy metals.

Soil is a fundamental part of successful agriculture, and its quality has to be improved to maximize crop yield and soil fertility. To increase crop productivity and soil fertility, biochar can be applied to the soil. Biochar is a solid carbon-rich product produced from biomass of agricultural crop residues, wastes, and wood, through pyrolysis in an oxygen-deficient condition. Carbon sequestration through biochar is important because of its potential applications in recycling wastes, retaining nutrients in the soil and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. In this review, we explore the various applications of biochar to ensure the safe and sustainable improvement of soil fertility. This review provides an overview of biochar properties, production technology, and its employment in the agriculture. This review would be a useful resource for researchers, farmers, and academics who are interested in the utilization of biochar. 

Biochar application: A sustainable approach to improve soil health

Biochar-microorganism interactions for organic pollutant remediation: Challenges and perspectives.

Advanced nanostructured materials like nanobiochar have come up with the sustainable solutions for a range of problems of modern era. In recent years, carbon nanomaterials have been developed as powerful tools due to their unique characteristics and number of applications in various areas like energy, materials, agriculture and the environment, specifically in phytoremediation of various organic, inorganic and heavy metal contaminants. Biochar technology and nanobiotechnology may result in production of carbon-based nanomaterials including nanobiochar and biochar nanocomposites to revolutionize the research in concerned fields. Nanobiochar is nanosized biochar material with better physical, chemical and surface properties. It has numerous advantages such as improvement in plant growth and soil properties, plant disease management, bioremediation of contaminants and pesticides, treatment of wastewater and it is also used as support material for enzyme immobilization. It may become the best alternative over conventional approaches due to its cost effectiveness, sustainability and environmental friendliness. It also can mitigate climate change by carbon sequestration function. As compared with biochar, nanobiochar has excellent capability of absorbing pollutants, nutrients and contaminants and has mobility in soil thus offering a potential waste management substitute. This review paper is an extensive compilation about production of nanobiochar and biochar based nanocomposites, their diverse applications in agriculture and environment sectors with some other novel applications and recent developments in the fields such as energy, catalysis, material science, biomedical etc.

Nanobiochar and biochar based nanocomposites: Advances and applications

Currently, there are a huge number of environmental issues that the world is facing from past few decades. However, the climate change is possibly the major environmental threat to deal with. The rise of 1.5–2 °C surface temperature has been recorded in last 40–50 years. In next 50–100 years the earth temperature will create harsh conditions for living and consequences would be catastrophic. Global warming is the major cause of climate change. The common reason of global warming is carbon-associated gas emission (greenhouse gases) from burning of fossil fuels in various industries, transportation, electricity production, agriculture and commercial sources. Though, pollution, urbanization, population etc. in similar way also contribute to climate change by disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. Nanotechnology, because of unique properties of nanomaterials, offers a wide range of applications in environment, agriculture, food and energy sectors. Not only the environmental nanotechnology can handle a range of environmental problems but also the nanotechnological products and processes are considered as the most effective and innovative tools/mode to accomplish sustainability goals. Nanostructured materials such as nanocomposites, functionalized nanomaterials, metal organic frameworks, nanocatalysts, carbonaceous materials, nano zeolites, nano silica, nano lubricants and nano coatings etc. have enormous possibilities in sequestration and reduction of greenhouse gases, biofuel production, wastewater treatment and environmental remediation using a sustainable approach. The present paper is an attempt to summarize the nanotechnology-based approaches to combat climate change. It aims to review the long-term effects of new nanocompounds to environment and promotion of sustainable methods to solve the climate change related problems. 

Nanotechnology as a sustainable approach for combating the environmental effects of climate change

Role of Bacillus Species in Alleviating Biotic Stress in Crops

Use of high input conventional farming methods including toxic pesticides, herbicides, chemical fertilizers, genetically modified microorganisms, growth regulators and other chemicals has affected not only soil fertility but also have serious health and environmental hazards. Nowadays, organic farming is a sustainable alternative to conventional farming strategies. Organic farming aims to conserve and build soil health, biodiversity and natural resources by using sustainable agriculture methods. It has a significant role in reducing soil erosion and nutrient leaching (nitrate and phosphorous) as well as in improving water retention capacity of soil and greenhouse gas emission. Reports showed that in general there is higher nutrient content specifically higher level of vitamin C, antioxidants, magnesium, phosphorous and some micronutrients (minerals, vitamins, trace elements) but significantly less nitrates in organically grown food crops. Protein levels were also found lower although the quality was better in some of organic vegetables and crops. Overall, reports of published data showed that total and organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous with Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu were greater in soil under organic cropping systems. Further, enhanced nitrogen mineralization with comparatively higher microbial biomass and enzymatic activities in soil under organic management was stated in literatures.

Conventional versus organic farming: Nutrient status

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Nanobiochar and biochar based nanocomposites: Advances and applications

Nanotechnology as a sustainable approach for combating the environmental effects of climate change

Role of Bacillus Species in Alleviating Biotic Stress in Crops

Conventional versus organic farming: Nutrient status