A Summit Meeting that convened over 150 representatives of scientific and medical bodies from around the world was held in Istanbul from April 30 to May 2, 2008 to address the urgent and growing problem of organ sales, transplant tourism and trafficking in organ donors in the context of the global shortage of organs. Preparatory work for the meeting was undertaken by a Steering Committee convened by The Transplantation Society and the International Society of Nephrology in Dubai in December 2007. Participants at the Istanbul Summit were selected by the Steering Committee according to the following criteria: The country liaisons with The Transplantation Society representing virtually all countries with transplantation programs; representatives from international societies and the Vatican; key stakeholders in nephrology and transplantation; public policy experts in organ transplantation; and ethicists, anthropologists, sociologists, and legal academic well-recognized for their work on transplantation policy and practice. This Declaration represents the consensus of the Summit participants and is an authorized Spanish translation that will help disseminate this information among Mexican health professionals and interested readers.

https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/clinjasn/3/5/1227.full.pdf?with-ds=yes

Trends in online reporting of immoral and illegal activities related to organ transplantation before and after the signing of the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism.

The 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul on Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism (DoI) provides an updated set of principles and definitions to guide policymakers and health professionals working in organ donation and transplantation. A draft of the new edition was circulated to the public and transplant professionals through an online consultation process, which also sought feedback on a draft explanatory article that explained the principles and discussed some of their practical implications. Both drafts were revised in response to feedback from participants in the consultation. We present here the discussion article, which is intended to assist stakeholders in applying the principles of the DoI by providing more detailed information about the meaning and potential implications of implementing the DoI in various contexts.

Strengthening Global Efforts to Combat Organ Trafficking and Transplant Tourism: Implications of the 2018 Edition of the Declaration of Istanbul.

This article presents indicators to support transplant professionals, judicial and law enforcement authorities and victim support workers with the identification of trafficking in persons for the purpose of organ removal. It outlines the legal and illegal service providers that facilitate trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal and guides the reader through the following criminal process: recruitment, transport, entrance, documents, housing, transplant, aftercare, and finance. Identification of illegal transplant activities by transplant professionals can support police and judiciary with the investigation, disruption, and prosecuting of trafficking networks.

Indicators to Identify Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal.

Organ Trade: Knowledge, Awareness, and Nonlegislative Responses Frederike Ambagtsheer, LLM, MSc and Willem Weimar, MD, PhD Links [A] http://www.osce.org/secretariat/ 103393 [B] http://www.declarationofistanbul.org/ [C] https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id= 2214787&Site=DC&BackColorInternet= F5CA75&BackColorIntranet= F5CA75&BackColorLogged=A9BACE [D] https://www.politie.nl/binaries/content/ assets/politie/documenten-algemeen/ onderwerpteksten/trade-in-human-organsand-trafficking-in-human-beingsan-exploratory-study-into-the-involvementof-the-netherlands-and-europe.pdf [E] http://hottproject.com/home.html [F] http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/ 12/06-039370/en/ [G] http://www.gfintegrity.org/wp-content/ uploads/2014/05/gfi_transnational_crime_ high-res.pdf [H] https://www.unodc.org/documents/ human-trafficking/2015/UNODC_ Assessment_Toolkit_TIP_for_the_Purpose_ of_Organ_Removal.pdf [I] http://hottproject.com/userfiles/ HOTTProject-TraffickinginHumanBeings forthePurposeofOrganRemovalAComprehensiveLiteratureReviewOnlinePublication.pdf [J] http://hottproject.com/userfiles/Reports/ 2ndReportHOTTproject-OrganRecipients WhoPaidForKidney TransplantsAbroad.pdf [K] http://hottproject.com/userfiles/Reports/ 3rdReportHOTTProjectTraffickinginHumanBeingsforthePurpose ofOrganRemoval-ACaseStudyReport.pdf The trade in human organs is a hot topic that receives increasing scrutiny from international organizations [A], the transplant community [B], researchers, and the popular press. According to the Council of Europe, the trade is growing worldwide [C]. Governments, international organizations, and transplantation societies are establishing new laws against organ trade or tightening existing regulations. Organ trade however receives little consideration from law enforcement authorities, and only few successful convictions have taken place [D]. In addition, there are no partnerships between transplant professionals and law enforcement. The HOTT project (2012-2015) is a European Union-funded international research that addresses “trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal.” The project has 3 objectives: to increase knowledge, raise awareness, and improve the nonlegislative response. The project is coordinated by Erasmus MC in collaboration with 3 cobeneficiaries and more than 10 associate partners [E]. This article collates online resources with relevance to the readership of Transplantation providing guidance on the current state of organ trade. In 2007, the World Health Organization estimated that 5-10% of the approximately 60 000 kidney transplants performed annually around the globe occur via organ trade [F]. In 2011, the Institute, “Global Financial Integrity” ranked organ trade in the top 10 of the world's most profitable crimes, with an estimated annual illegal profit of US $614 million to US $1.2 billion. [G].How exactly these figures were established or validated is unclear. The World Health Organization indeed recognizes that the current state of organ trade remains obscure because of scarce data and acknowledges that figures should be regarded as “provisional and tentative.” The United Nations Office on Drugs

Organ Trade: Knowledge, Awareness, and Nonlegislative Responses.

Over the years, the trade in human organs has become an object of international concern. Since the 1980s, antiorgan trade initiatives have mainly involved the strengthening of legislative responses. Little attention however is given to nonlegislative responses by law enforcement authorities. The HOTT project is a European Union-funded research project titled "trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal." Its objectives are to increase knowledge, raise awareness, and improve the nonlegislative response to the crime. Its consortium organized a "Writers' Conference" in The Hague, The Netherlands at Europol's Headquarters where a group of 40 experts, consisting of transplant professionals, law enforcement officials, and policy makers, formulated recommendations to improve nonlegislative responses. These recommendations, presented hereafter, address the ethical and legal obligations of health care providers, the protection of persons trafficked for the purpose of organ removal, strengthening cross-border collaboration in criminal cases, and stimulating partnerships between transplant professionals and law enforcement. These recommendations offer ways in which transplant professionals can contribute to improving the nonlegislative response to trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal. Keywords: Human trafficking Language: en

The Hague Recommendations: Improving Nonlegislative Responses to Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal.

This report presents a comprehensive set of recommendations for protection of human beings who are trafficked for the purpose of organ removal or are targeted for such trafficking. Developed by an interdisciplinary group of international experts under the auspices of the project Trafficking in Human Beings for the Purpose of Organ Removal (also known as the HOTT project), these recommendations are grounded in the view that an individual who parts with an organ for money within an illegal scheme is ipso facto a victim and that the crime of trafficking in human beings for the purpose of organ removal (THBOR) intersects with the crime of trafficking in organs. Consequently, the protection of victims should be a priority for all actors involved in antitrafficking activities: those combating organ-related crimes, such as health organizations and survivor support services, and those combating trafficking in human beings, such as the criminal justice sectors. Taking into account the special characteristics of THBOR, the authors identify 5 key stakeholders in the protection of human beings trafficked for organ removal or targeted for such trafficking: states, law enforcement agencies and judiciary, nongovernmental organizations working in the areas of human rights and antitrafficking, transplant centers and health professionals involved in transplant medicine, and oversight bodies. For each stakeholder, the authors identify key areas of concern and concrete measures to identify and protect the victims of THBOR. The aim of the recommendations is to contribute to the development of a nonlegislative response to THBOR, to promote the exchange of knowledge and best practices in the area of victim protection, and to facilitate the development of a policy-driven action plan for the protection of THBOR victims in the European Union and worldwide.

/pdf/protection-of-human-beings-trafficked-for-the-purpose-of-30np1nazxw.pdf

Protection of Human Beings Trafficked for the Purpose of Organ Removal : Recommendations

We integrate tin-vacancy colour centres in diamond nanophotonic waveguides with a fiber-based coupling interface. From spectroscopic investigation we find narrow in-homogeneous distribution, almost transform-limited optical transitions and low spectral diffusion.

An Integrated and Fiber-Coupled Interface with Tin-Vacancy Centres in Diamond Waveguides

We fabricate single tin-vacancy centres in diamond, we perform spectroscopy and coherent population trapping to verify optical driving of the spin states. We investigate the integration in diamond waveguides to realise an efficient spin-photon interface.

Tin-vacancy centres in diamond for an integrated and efficient spin-photon interface

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Protection of Human Beings Trafficked for the Purpose of Organ Removal : Recommendations

An Integrated and Fiber-Coupled Interface with Tin-Vacancy Centres in Diamond Waveguides

Tin-vacancy centres in diamond for an integrated and efficient spin-photon interface