Today's business enterprises must deal with global competition, reduce the cost of doing business, and rapidly develop new services and products. To address these requirements enterprises must constantly reconsider and optimize the way they do business and change their information systems and applications to support evolving business processes. Workflow technology facilitates these by providing methodologies and software to support (i) business process modeling to capture business processes as workflow specifications, (ii) business process reengineering to optimize specified processes, and (iii) workflow automation to generate workflow implementations from workflow specifications. This paper provides a high-level overview of the current workflow management methodologies and software products. In addition, we discuss the infrastructure technologies that can address the limitations of current commercial workflow technology and extend the scope and mission of workflow management systems to support increased workflow automation in complex real-world environments involving heterogeneous, autonomous, and distributed information systems. In particular, we discuss how distributed object management and customized transaction management can support further advances in the commercial state of the art in this area.

http://lsdis.cs.uga.edu/library/download/GHS95.pdf

An overview of workflow management: from process modeling to workflow automation infrastructure

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) have been used to support various types of business processes for more than a decade now. In workflows for e-commerce and Web service applications, suppliers and customers define a binding agreement or contract between the two parties, specifying Quality of Service (QoS) items such as products or services to be delivered, deadlines, quality of products, and cost of services. The management of QoS metrics directly impacts the success of organizations participating in e-commerce. Therefore, when services or products are created or managed using workflows, the underlying workflow system must accept the specifications and be able to estimate, monitor, and control the QoS rendered to customers. In this paper, we present a predictive QoS model that makes it possible to compute the quality of service for workflows automatically based on atomic task QoS attributes. To this end, we present a model that specifies QoS and describe an algorithm and a simulation system in order to compute, analyze and monitor workflow QoS metrics.

/pdf/modeling-quality-of-service-for-workflows-and-web-service-4bnrrfqyd5.pdf

Modeling Quality of Service for Workflows and Web Service Processes

Data replication is a key technology in distributed systems that enables higher availability and performance. This article surveys optimistic replication algorithms. They allow replica contents to diverge in the short term to support concurrent work practices and tolerate failures in low-quality communication links. The importance of such techniques is increasing as collaboration through wide-area and mobile networks becomes popular.Optimistic replication deploys algorithms not seen in traditional “pessimistic” systems. Instead of synchronous replica coordination, an optimistic algorithm propagates changes in the background, discovers conflicts after they happen, and reaches agreement on the final contents incrementally.We explore the solution space for optimistic replication algorithms. This article identifies key challenges facing optimistic replication systems---ordering operations, detecting and resolving conflicts, propagating changes efficiently, and bounding replica divergence---and provides a comprehensive survey of techniques developed for addressing these challenges.

/pdf/optimistic-replication-olzqfvhf6n.pdf

Optimistic replication

https://corescholar.libraries.wright.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2096&context=knoesis

Quality of Service for Workflows and Web Service Processes

A delivery system (12) and method allows a financial institution to provide financial services to a plurality of remote devices (24), such as personal computers (PCs) (18), personal data assistants (PDAs) (20), and screen phone (14). In addition to providing services to these remote devices (24), the system and method provide services to automatic teller machines (ATMs)(16), external service providers (22), and internally within the financial institution to staff terminals (26) and to the individual branches of the financial institution. The system is comprised of a set of re-usable global components which are modular and are organized into services sets. By separating the components of the system into independent components, the system and method can be developed and tested on a component level rather than the entire system level, thereby substantially reducing the development and maintenance cycle time.

System and method for delivering financial services

The computing environment in most medium-sized and large enterprises involves old main-frame based (legacy) applications and systems as well as new workstation-based distributed computing systems The objective of the METEOR project is to support multi-system workflow applications that automate enterprise operations This paper deals with the modeling and specification of workflows in such applications Tasks in our heterogeneous environment can be submitted through different types of interfaces on different processing entities We first present a computational model for workflows that captures the behavior of both transactional and non-transactional tasks of different types We then develop two languages for specifying a workflow at different levels of abstraction: the Workflow Specification Language (WFSL) is a declarative rule-based language used to express the application-level interactions between multiple tasks, while the Task Specification Language (TSL) focuses on the issues related to individual tasks These languages are designed to address the important issues of inter-task dependencies, data formatting, data exchange, error handling, and recovery The paper also presents an architecture for the workflow management system that supports the model and the languages

Managing heterogeneous multi-system tasks to support enterprise-wide operations

Bounded Ignorance in Replicated Systems* Narayanan Krishnakumar and Arthur J. Bernstein Dept. of Computer Science, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4400. email : {nkris,art}@cs. sunysb.edu tel : (516) 632-8457 Databases are replicated to improve performance and the availability of data. The notion of correctness that has commonly been adopted for concurrent access by transactions to shared, possibly replicated, data is serializability. However, serializability may be impractical in high performance applications since it imposes too stringent a restriction on concurrency. When serializability is relaxed, the integrity constraints describing the data may be violated. By allowing bounded violations of the integrity constraints, however, we are able to increase the concurrency of transactions that execute in a replicated environment. In this paper, we introduce the notion of an N-ignorant transaction, which is a transaction that may be ignorant of the results of at most N prior transactions. A system in which all transactions are N-ignorant can have an N + l-fold increase in concurrency over serializable systems, at the expense of bounded violations of its integrity constraints. We present algorithms for implementing N-ignorant replicated databases. We then provide constructive methods for calculating the reachable states in such systems, given the value of N, so that one may assess the maximum liability that is incurred in allowing constraint violation.

Bounded ignorance in replicated systems

A value added personal location service for wireless communications system customers uses existing information in the wireless communication infrastructure to identify the cell or registration area in which a mobile terminal is currently located. In one example of the invention, a query processor (110, 302) receives a dispatcher query. The query processor communicates with existing communications network components and databases (106, 108, 124, 132) to determine the location of the requested vehicle or person. Queries may be customized to suit a particular customer's unique needs, such as locating a particular terminal, all terminals in a particular area, all terminals associated with one or more particular attributes, or a combination of the above.

Personal location services using a personal communication service mobility management infrastructure

Future personal communications services (PCS) networks will provide mobile users with integrated personal information services and applications (PISA), such as personalized news and financial information, banking and file access. The authors propose a system architecture for delivery of PISA based on distributed servers, and discuss the connection-oriented support services it may require from the PCS network. In this architecture real mobility on the part of the user may result in virtual mobility of the server, which the authors propose be handled by a service handoff procedure broadly analogous to a PCS call handoff. They describe components of the service handoff procedure and the PCS network support they entail. They also discuss how users' service profiles can be maintained in this architecture. >

Network support for personal information services to PCS users

We address the design of architectures and protocols for providing mobile users with integrated Personal Information Services and Applications (PISA), such as personalized news and financial information, and mobile database access. We present a system architecture for delivery of PISA based on replicated distributed servers connected to users via a personal communications services (PCS) network. The PISA architecture partitions the geographical coverage area into service areas, analogous to PCS registration areas, each of which is served by a single local server. When a user moves from one service area to another, the service is provided by the new local server. This is accomplished by a service handoff, analogous to a PCS call handoff, which entails some context information transfer from the old to the new server. We focus on the mobile sales and inventory application as an example of a PISA with a well-defined market segment. We design a database management protocol for supporting both mobile and stationary salespersons. Our design uses the site-transaction escrow method, thus allowing faster responses to mobile clients, minimizing the amount of context information which must be transferred during a service handoff, and allowing mobile clients to operate in disconnected mode by escrowing items on their local disks. We develop a formal model for reasoning about site-transaction escrow, and develop a scheme for performing dynamic resource reconfiguration which avoids the need for time-consuming and costly database synchronization operations (i.e., a two-phase commit) when the mobile sales transaction completes. A further refinement to the scheme avoids an n-way two-phase commit during resource reconfiguration operations, replacing it with several simpler two-phase commits.

/pdf/escrow-techniques-for-mobile-sales-and-inventory-56u2z1lxie.pdf

Escrow techniques for mobile sales and inventory applications

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