Phase transitions among the rotator phases of the normal alkanes: A review

The structural and thermodynamic properties of linear hydrocarbon multilayer assemblies supported on a Pt(111) single-crystalline substrate are investigated with temperature-programmed desorption and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopies. The multilayer assemblies are comprised of all-trans chains preferentially aligned with their ccc planes parallel to that of the surface. Coverage-dependent vibrational spectra reveal that the deposition process, up to the first monolayer total coverage, proceeds first via an island growth mechanism. This result demonstrates that an important contribution is made by (chain-length-dependent) attractive lateral interactions to the binding energies of the monolayer films. The subsequent layers deposited in a multilayer appear to contain a modest concentration of conformational/orientational defects (and perhaps layer misplacements as well). The energetics of the desorption processes for these hydrocarbon assemblies are rationalized on the basis of a conserved value ...

Structural Models and Thermal Desorption Energetics for Multilayer Assemblies of the n-Alkanes on Pt(111)

Phase transitions of n-alkanes as rotator crystals

A thermoresponsive composite separator loaded with paraffin@SiO2 microparticles for safe and stable lithium batteries

The character of the R(II)-R(I) and the R(I)-R(V) transitions was studied in alkane samples by analyzing the hysteresis the specific heat shows between heating and cooling measurements, using photopyroelectric calorimetry. The hysteresis systematically shows up in all the investigated samples over the R(II)-R(I) transition, similarly to what also observed over the liquid-R(II) and the R(V)-crystal phase transitions, thus confirming the first order character of all such phase transitions. Over the R(I)-R(V) transition a hysteresis is also present but with varying characteristics depending on the width of the temperature range of the R(I) phase, the first order character being smaller for decreasing R(I) range. The observed results were explained in terms of possible varying strength of the coupling term in the free energy between the distortion and tilt angle order parameters in the different samples, a variation which can induce a change in the order character of the transition. The results are compared to those obtained in an alkane sample under increasing ambient pressure, which turned the transition from first to second order. In both cases it was suggested that the variations of the coupling strength between the two order parameters could be associated with changes in the effectiveness of the molecular interaction between the layers relative to that occurring within each layer.

Analysis of the order character of the RII-RI and the RI-RV rotator phase transitions in alkanes by photopyroelectric calorimetry

Effects of polycarbonate crystals, π-π interactions, and chemical bonds at an interface on the interfacial adhesion between polycarbonate and reinforcing fibers

The solid–solid phase transitions and the crystal structures of odd n‐alkanes, n‐C23H48, and n‐C25H52, were investigated by x‐ray powder diffraction. The phase transitions, I→V→RI for n‐C23H48 and I→V→IV→RI for n‐C25H52, were observed, where phases I, V, IV are the low‐temperature ordered phases, and the phase RI is the rotator phase. The crystal structure of phase V was determined by the Rietveld profile refinement method. Phase V is orthorhombic (Pbnm). New molecular layer stacking appears in phase V, while the lamellar structure and the lateral packing of molecules are same as those in phase I and phase IV. The solid–solid phase transitions below the rotator phase transition of odd n‐alkanes found to be characterized by the changes in molecular layer stacking are considered to be caused by the increased disorder in the layer surface.

Solid–solid phase transitions in n‐alkanes C23H48 and C25H52: X‐ray power diffraction study on new layer stacking in phase V

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Effects of polycarbonate crystals, π-π interactions, and chemical bonds at an interface on the interfacial adhesion between polycarbonate and reinforcing fibers

Solid–solid phase transitions in n‐alkanes C23H48 and C25H52: X‐ray power diffraction study on new layer stacking in phase V