COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus and is currently a global pandemic. HLA variation is associated with COVID-19 because HLA plays a pivotal role in the immune response to pathogens. Here, 82 individuals with COVID-19 were genotyped for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3/4/5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 loci using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Frequencies of the HLA-C*07:29, C*08:01G, B*15:27, B*40:06, DRB1*04:06, and DPB1*36:01 alleles were higher, while the frequencies of the DRB1*12:02 and DPB1*04:01 alleles were lower in COVID-19 patients than in the control population, with uncorrected statistical significance. Only HLA-C*07:29 and B*15:27 were significant when the corrected P-value was considered. These data suggested that some HLA alleles may be associated with the occurrence of COVID-19.

/pdf/distribution-of-hla-allele-frequencies-in-82-chinese-2jd5yff6km.pdf

Distribution of HLA allele frequencies in 82 Chinese individuals with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19).

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with regional and ethnic differences in its prevalence and clinical manifestations. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-Cw6 is the disease allele conferring the greatest risk to psoriasis, but its prevalence is lower in Asian individuals. Recent studies have found associations between HLA-Cw1 and some Asian populations with psoriasis, especially Southern Chinese. HLA-Cw6 was associated with type I early-onset psoriasis, guttate psoriasis, Koebner phenomenon, and better response to methotrexate, interleukin (IL)-12/23, IL-17, and IL-23 targeting drugs. In contrast, HLA-Cw1 positivity has been associated with erythrodermic psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, and the axial type of psoriatic arthritis. Furthermore, HLA-Cw1 was more frequently associated with high-need patients who did not respond to conventional therapies. No known trigger factor nor autoantigen has been identified for HLA-Cw1 positivity. However, HLA-Cw1 has been linked to some viral agents. For example, cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize multiple cytomegalovirus pp65-derived epitopes presented by HLA alleles, including HLA-C*01:02. In addition, cytomegalovirus can lead to severe exacerbation of psoriatic skin disease. The proposed interaction between viral infection, HLA-Cw1, and psoriasis is through the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors of natural killer cells. Given the diverse nature of psoriasis pathogenesis and the difference in HLA-Cw prevalence in different racial groups, more studies are needed to confirm the role of HLA-Cw1 in psoriasis.

/pdf/hla-cw1-and-psoriasis-1vrrjs5m7d.pdf

HLA-Cw1 and Psoriasis.

HLA-C*01:02 and HLA-A*02:07 Confer Risk Specific for Psoriatic Patients in Southern China

Full‐length sequence of HLA‐DPA1*02:46 covers the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), all introns and exons and the 3′ UTR.

Full genomic sequence of the HLA‐DPA1*02:46 allele identified by next generation sequencing

Nomenclature for factors of the <scp>HLA</scp> system, update April, May and June 2024

The distributions of HLA allele and haplotype are variable in different ethnic populations and the data for some populations have been published. However, the data on HLA-C and HLA-DQB1 loci and the haplotype of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci at a high-resolution level are limited in Zhejiang Han population, China. In this study, the frequencies of the HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci and haplotypes were analysed among 3,548 volunteers from the Zhejiang Han population using polymerase chain reaction sequencing-based typing method. Totals of 51 HLA-A, 97 HLA-B, 45 HLA-C, 53 HLA-DRB1 and 27 HLA-DQB1 alleles were observed. The top three frequent alleles of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 loci were A*11:01 (23.83%), A*24:02 (17.16%), A*02:01 (11.36%); B*40:01 (14.08%), B*46:01 (12.20%), B*58:01 (8.50%); C*07:02 (18.25%), C*01:02:01G (18.15%), C*03:04 (9.88%); DRB1*09:01 (17.52%), DRB1*12:02 (10.57%), DRB1*15:01 (9.70%); DQB1*03:01 (22.63%), DQB1*03:03 (18.26%) and DQB1*06:01 (10.88%), respectively. A total of 141 HLA-A-C-B-DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes with a frequency of ≥0.1% were found and the haplotypes with frequency greater than 3% were A*02:07-C*01:02:01G-B*46:01-DRB1*09:01-DQB1*03:03 (4.20%), A*33:03-C*03:02-B*58:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01 (4.15%), A*30:01-C*06:02-B*13:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:02 (3.20%). The likelihood ratios test for the linkage disequilibrium of two loci haplotypes was revealed that the majority of the pairwise associations were statistically significant. The data presented in this study will be useful for searching unrelated HLA-matched donor, planning donor registry and for anthropology studies in China.

The distributions of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐C, HLA‐DRB1 and HLA‐DQB1 allele and haplotype at high‐resolution level in Zhejiang Han population of China

HLA‐C*03:538 differs from HLA‐C*03:04:01:01 by a mutation at nucleotide 920.

The novel HLA‐C allele, C*03:538 was identified by next‐generation sequencing

HLA‐DQB1*04:85 differs from HLA‐DQB1*04:02:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 629 C>G.

Identification of the novel HLA‐DQB1*04:85 allele by next‐generation sequencing

HLA‐DPB1*03:01:14 differs from HLA‐DPB1*03:01:01:01 by a single nucleotide substitution at position 390 C > A.

Identification of the novel HLA‐DPB1*03:01:14 allele by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese cord blood donor

HLA‐DRB1*11:283 differs from HLA‐DRB1*11:266 by two nucleotide substitutions in exon 2.

Characterization of the novel HLA‐DRB1*11:283 allele

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