Are the media biased? Many sources answer in the affirmative, typically indicting the media for a pro-liberal or pro-Democratic slant. Analysis subjecting these claims to objective testing, using baselines with which to compare coverage, has been lacking. By studying newspaper articles on congressional party switchers (members who have left their political party in mid-term), this research compares coverage when members of both parties have engaged in the same behavior. The results provide little evidence of partisan media bias, and no support for allegations of a pro-liberal or pro-Democratic bias.

Objective Evidence on Media Bias: Newspaper Coverage of Congressional Party Switchers

Media, Bureaucracies and Foreign Aid

Since 1980, more than 175 scholarly articles, chapters, or books have been published about the post-reform presidential nomination system. Numer ous authors investigate primary rules, media coverage, candidates, voters, or momentum. Less well covered are the subjects of interest groups, win nowing of candidates, campaign contributors, and connections to other phases of the presidency Research on presidential nominations has to con tend with an ever-changing environment as rules change, candidates exit the contests, and the primary season progresses from February through June. This environmental complexity adds to the challenge of investigating the first phase of the presidential selection process. Coupling this environ mental complexity with a lack of consensus among scholars on measure ment, model building, and theory leads to contradictory findings in a number of areas. Nevertheless, much has been learned about the patterns of presidential nominations.

Presidential Nomination Politics in the Post-Reform Era:

Research on the rhetorical presidency has been marked by two important sets of theoretical divisions: individual versus institutional approaches to the analytic task and instrumental versus constitutive understandings of the rhetorical enterprise. In both cases, this has led to a situation in which scholars from the differing positions tend to talk past rather than to one another. In keeping with the generally interdisciplinary focus of political communication as it develops as a recognizable subfield with places in both political science and communication studies, this essay is intended to begin pointing the way toward redirecting some of those conversations, such that representatives from the various analytic communities can begin to work with one another rather than on parallel or opposing tracks.

The Rhetorical Presidency: Deepening Vision, Widening Exchange

This study investigated the relationship of information seeking with recognition of public figures, opinions on current issues, and vote decision. The participants were 535 registered voters in New Orleans who responded to a telephone survey in the weeks before a statewide election. Respondents were identified in terms of whether they had made a voting decision. Responses were also obtained that measured participants' recognition of public figures, opinions on current issues, and information seeking. The results indicated that information seeking had an impact on political knowledge, but not on the voters' willingness to take an issue position or to make a voting decision.

Information, please? Information seeking, mass media, and the undecided voter

This study tests the effect of concern about the electability of candidates competing for a party's nomination for president on voters' information-seeking behavior. The analysis is based on a sample survey of voters in four California counties in early 1992. Correlational tests replicated prior findings that issue-oriented voters rely mainly on newspapers, whereas image-oriented voters tend to seek relevant information from television. But these tendencies interacted with electability. Voters with this additional concern sought information on secondary criteria in secondary media. That is, if the candidates' chances of election were also important, issue-oriented voters also sought image information, and vice versa. Issue-oriented voters sought their image information via television, if electability was important to them. The opposite interaction was not found, however; image-oriented voters used television as their source for both kinds of information, if electability was important to them.

Media Use in the Primary Election A Secondary Medium Model

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Media Use in the Primary Election A Secondary Medium Model