Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC

Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Fractional order PID controller for load frequency control

Over the past few decades, many publications have been made in the area of Load frequency control (LFC) of interconnected power systems. Load frequency control is necessary to develop better control in order to achieve less effect on the frequency and tie line power deviations after a load perturbation. However, number of control strategies has been employed in the design of load frequency controllers in order to achieve a better dynamic response and the exact choice of the LFC controller in a particular case requires sufficient expertise because each controller has its own merits and demerits. Due to this, an appropriate review of load frequency control (LFC) mechanism is essential and a few attempts have been made in this concern. This paper presents a detailed survey on load frequency control (LFC) mechanism. The overall study explores the depth study issues related to LFC mechanism based on different sources of power system models. This paper focused on different control techniques of LFC, which also includes all the recent application of FACTS devices. This review reveals the investigation of soft computing based optimization technique and application of Energy Storage System (ESS) and HVDC-link in LFC. These studies also illustrates conventional power system, deregulated of power environment as well as distributed generation and micro grids. This paper is designed in order to highlight the major traits of Load forecasting and some critical case studies on LFC.

A comprehensive state of the art literature survey on LFC mechanism for power system

Multiobjective optimization using weighted sum Artificial Bee Colony algorithm for Load Frequency Control

State-of-the-art of controllers and soft computing techniques for regulated load frequency management of single/multi-area traditional and renewable energy based power systems

In this paper, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) based load frequency control (LFC) of a single area power system is presented. Although the Particle Swarm Optimization approaches have several advantages, they can still have drawbacks like local optimal trapping due to premature convergence(i.e. exploration problem). This paper proposes an improved PSO framework adopting a crossover operation scheme to increase exploitation capability of PSO. The study has been realized for control of a single area interconnected power system with IPSO optimized self-tuning PID controller. The comparison between a conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller and the proposed PSO based controller showed that the proposed controller can generate a better transient response for a step load change. For this application, MATLAB-Simulink software is used.

Improved particle swarm optimization based load frequency control in a single area power system

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Improved particle swarm optimization based load frequency control in a single area power system