This study explores the differences in safety perceptions and reported behavior of cyclists in mixed traffic between an emerging cycling city (Brisbane, Australia) and an established cycling city (Copenhagen, Denmark). Perceptions and reported behavior were retrieved from a custom-designed web-based survey administered among cyclists in the two cities. Elicited items concerned perceived risk of infrastructure layouts, fear of traffic, cycling while distracted, use of safety gear, cycling avoidance due to feeling unsafe, and avoidance to cycle in mixed traffic conditions. The data were analyzed with structural equation models. Results show that, in comparison with cyclists in Copenhagen, cyclists in Brisbane perceive mixed traffic infrastructure layouts as less safe, feel more fear of traffic, and are more likely to adopt cycling avoidance as a coping strategy. Results also show that cyclists in Copenhagen tend to use less helmets and to cycle more while being distracted.

Safety perceptions and reported behavior related to cycling in mixed traffic: A comparison between Brisbane and Copenhagen

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 100(2) of Journal of Applied Psychology (see record 2015-08139-001). Table 3 contained formatting errors. Minus signs used to indicate negative statistical estimates within the table were inadvertently changed to m-dashes. All versions of this article have been corrected.] The purpose of this meta-analysis was to address unanswered questions regarding the associations between personality and workplace safety by (a) clarifying the magnitude and meaning of these associations with both broad and facet-level personality traits, (b) delineating how personality is associated with workplace safety, and (c) testing the relative importance of personality in comparison to perceptions of the social context of safety (i.e., safety climate) in predicting safety-related behavior. Our results revealed that whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness were negatively associated with unsafe behaviors, extraversion and neuroticism were positively associated with them. Of these traits, agreeableness accounted for the largest proportion of explained variance in safety-related behavior and openness to experience was unrelated. At the facet level, sensation seeking, altruism, anger, and impulsiveness were all meaningfully associated with safety-related behavior, though sensation seeking was the only facet that demonstrated a stronger relationship than its parent trait (i.e., extraversion). In addition, meta-analytic path modeling supported the theoretical expectation that personality's associations with accidents are mediated by safety-related behavior. Finally, although safety climate perceptions accounted for the majority of explained variance in safety-related behavior, personality traits (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism) still accounted for a unique and substantive proportion of the explained variance. Taken together, these results substantiate the value of considering personality traits as key correlates of workplace safety.

A meta-analysis of personality and workplace safety: addressing unanswered questions.

It has been two decades since Deffenbacher, Oetting, and Lynch (1994) published their paper introducing the construct of driving anger Since this time the Driving Anger Scale (DAS) has been adopted by a large number of transportation researchers and is the scale most commonly used to measure trait driving anger Drivers high in trait driving anger tend to experience anger more often and more intensely when driving than those low in trait driving anger In this paper we provide a broad overview of some of the leading research on driving anger conducted over the past 20 years We intertwine the body of work by Deffenbacher and colleagues undertaken over the past years with research drawn from New Zealand, Malaysia, Turkey, Spain, Ireland, Japan, Ukraine, France, UK, China, Finland, The Netherlands and Ukraine This article summarises the results regarding the validity and stability of the latent constructs underlying the measure of driving anger, along with the similarities and differences in the patterns of findings made In particular we focus on the situations and driver characteristics, such as age and gender that trigger anger This manuscript discusses the potential detrimental consequences of this anger and the factors that mediate the two We conclude that the construct of driving anger is robust across a diverse range of drivers However, while the DAS is a valuable tool in identifying drivers prone to anger, and subsequently higher risk of aggressive behaviour, we introduce some potential shortfalls of the current scale in the modern driving climate In doing this, we present to the research community potential avenues for further development of the driving anger construct

Driving anger as a psychological construct: Twenty years of research using the Driving Anger Scale

Autonomous cars will likely hit the market soon, but trust into such a technology is one of the big discussion points in the public debate. Drivers who have always been in complete control of their car are expected to willingly hand over control and blindly trust a technology that could kill them. We argue that trust in autonomous driving can be increased by means of a driver interface that visualizes the car's interpretation of the current situation and its corresponding actions. To verify this, we compared different visualizations in a user study, overlaid to a driving scene: (1) a chauffeur avatar, (2) a world in miniature, and (3) a display of the car's indicators as the baseline. The world in miniature visualization increased trust the most. The human-like chauffeur avatar can also increase trust, however, we did not find a significant difference between the chauffeur and the baseline.

SupportingTrust in Autonomous Driving

http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/227935/local_227935.pdf

How do drivers overtake cyclists

Cyclists and drivers in road interactions: A comparison of perceived crash risk

ABSTRACT Even if there is an increasing public awareness of biodiversity loss, there still is the need to improve individuals’ behaviours in favour of biodiversity conservation, such as composting or buying pollinator-friendly plants. Why do individuals who know about the risks of biodiversity loss, not change their lifestyles to promote biodiversity? The main aim of this paper is to empirically identify the psychological barriers to biodiversity conservation behaviours, with a specific attention to individuals’ perception of the psychological distance of biodiversity loss. To this purpose, 270 individuals were asked to complete a questionnaire. Data demonstrated that six main psychological barriers prevent behavioural change, depending on individuals’ perceived psychological distance as well as on the specific features of the behaviour considered. Our findings constitute a significant theoretical complement to previous research on behavioural change to respond to environmental threats, as it specifically investigates the psychological barriers resulting in citizens’ inaction with regard to biodiversity loss. Furthermore, our paper offers advice for policy-makers, deciding bodies, and associations involved in biodiversity conservation on the cognitive barriers that they might be confronted to when addressing citizens and promoting their engagement in individual and collective actions in favour of the environment.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/26395916.2022.2071343?needAccess=true

To change or not to change? Perceived psychological barriers to individuals’ behavioural changes in favour of biodiversity conservation

Speeding is the most common road violation, and is one of the main causes of crashes. To protect road users, authorities use sanctions and preventive measures to prompt drivers to observe speed limits. However, the efficacy of prevention messages varies according to a number of factors, among which risk framing is important. We ran a study to test whether gain is more effective than loss (framing effect). Four anti-speeding messages were presented on variable-message signs, along one side of a busy 8-lane highway in France (speed limit: 130 km/h - 80 mph), during 6 weekends. Within a between subject design, the messages differed in orientation (gain vs. loss vs. no message) and theme (crash vs. fuel consumption). The drivers' speed was recorded on the highway 2 km (1.25 miles) after the sign (6486 recordings of speed). The results showed that speed was lower when a message was displayed than in the control condition, and when the message was gain-framed rather than loss-framed. These effects were stronger on the left lanes (overtaking lanes). Hence, gain framed messages are recommended for prevention campaigns at least when no risk factor is salient.

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01223686/document

A Naturalistic Study of the Impact of Message Framing on Highway Speeding

Among personality factors, sensation seeking and anger are the main predictors of voluntary risky behaviors. The studies that compare the impact of these factors show that anger is a greater predictor of voluntary risky driving behaviors than sensation seeking. However, these studies usually average data from several risky behaviors, and it is possible that analyzing data from individual risky behaviors would yield different results. Speeding in particular corresponds more closely to the definition of sensation seeking than anger, and should be influenced more strongly by sensation seeking than anger. To test this hypothesis we conducted two studies among French young drivers (n1 = 143; n2 = 2038), where we asked participants the speed they would drive at in a given situation or the likelihood they would commit speeding, and used scales specific to driving situations to measure anger and sensation seeking with. Both studies reveal that driving sensation seeking is a better predictor of speeding than driving anger or either of its factors. The implications of these results are discussed.

Personality predictors of speeding in young drivers: Anger vs. sensation seeking

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Cyclists and drivers in road interactions: A comparison of perceived crash risk

To change or not to change? Perceived psychological barriers to individuals’ behavioural changes in favour of biodiversity conservation

A Naturalistic Study of the Impact of Message Framing on Highway Speeding

Personality predictors of speeding in young drivers: Anger vs. sensation seeking