Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.

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Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.

Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization.

Cobalt doped Ni based ordered mesoporous catalysts for CO2 methanation with enhanced catalytic performance

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emerge as a promising material to advance carbon nanoelectronics. However, synthesizing or assembling pure metallic/semiconducting SWNTs required for interconnects/integrated circuits, respectively, by a conventional chemical vapor deposition method or by an assembly technique remains challenging. Recent studies have shown significant scientific breakthroughs in controlled SWNT synthesis/assembly and applications in scaled field effect transistors, which are a critical component in functional nanodevices, thereby rendering the horizontal SWNT array an important candidate for innovating nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the controlled synthesis, surface assembly, characterization techniques, and potential applications of horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This review begins with the discussion of synthesis of horizontally aligned SWNTs with regulated direction, density, structure, and theoretical models applied to understand the growth results. Several traditional procedures applied for assembling SWNTs on target surface are also briefly discussed. It then discusses the techniques adopted to characterize SWNTs, ranging from electron/probe microscopy to various optical spectroscopy methods. Prototype applications based on the horizontally aligned SWNTs, such as interconnects, field effect transistors, integrated circuits, and even computers, are subsequently described. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and a brief outlook of the future development in this research field.

Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Controlled Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications

A major obstacle for the applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in electronic devices is their structural diversity, ending in SWNTs with diverse electrical properties Catalytic chemical vapor deposition has shown great promise in directly synthesizing high-quality SWNTs with a high selectivity to specific chirality (n, m) During the growth process, the tube-catalyst interface plays crucial roles in regulating the SWNT nucleation thermodynamics and growth kinetics, ultimately governing the SWNT chirality distribution Starting with the introduction of SWNT growth modes, this review seeks to extend the knowledge about chirality-selective synthesis by clarifying the energetically favored SWNT cap nucleation and the threshold step for SWNT growth, which describes how the tube-catalyst interface affects both the nucleus energy and the new carbon atom incorporation Such understandings are subsequently applied to interpret the (n, m) specific growth achieved on a variety of templates, such as SWNT segments or predefined molecular seeds, transition metal (Fe, Co and Ni)-containing catalysts at low reaction temperatures, W-based alloy catalysts, and metal carbides at relatively high reaction temperatures The up to date achievements on chirality-controlled synthesis of SWNTs is summarized and the remaining major challenges existing in the SWNT synthesis field are discussed

Designing Catalysts for Chirality‐Selective Synthesis of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Past Success and Future Opportunity

https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01714535/document

Chiral-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on Fe-based catalysts using CO as carbon source

High temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a narrow chirality distribution by tip-growth mode

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Chiral-selective growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes on Fe-based catalysts using CO as carbon source

High temperature growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes with a narrow chirality distribution by tip-growth mode