During the Mosul 2016–2017 battle, a lot of historical buildings, especially those located in the Mosul's old city, were extremely destroyed or subjected to considerable damage. This paper focuses on studying the current state of historical minaret of Al-Omariya mosque, dated to the 16th century in Mosul's old city. The minaret shows the loss of the dome and severe damages at mid of its trunk. Restoration of such a building is an urgent priority, and great attention should be paid to revival this minaret. Among the most crucial challenges facing the restoration of historical buildings is obtaining alternative building materials that satisfy the compatibility requirements with the original materials. The current study addressed this problem by characterizing the historical brick and mortar of the minaret. Characterization of these historical building materials includes physical and mechanical properties, chemical and mineralogical compositions as well as microstructural features. Micro-analyses were obtained by carrying out a series of complementary tests: X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Ion Chromatography (IC) and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). The physical and mechanical tests indicated that the studied building materials are weak: low apparent density equal to 1.63 (g/cm3) for brick and 1.55 (g/cm3) for mortar, high total porosity of about 35% for brick and 31% for mortar, tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength of the brick limited to 0.65 (MPa) and 7.02 (MPa), respectively. Data analysis from XRD and IC tests was matched and the results confirmed that the historical brick contains calcite, quartz, and gypsum minerals, while the historical mortar contains gypsum as the main composite with other minerals of calcite and quartz. SEM revealed the bricks have a typical morphology due to the firing. It is observed from the MIP test results that there is an abundance of mesopores with diameter ranged from 0.01 μm to 1 μm for the brick and from 0.5 μm to 5 μm for mortar. Result analysis from this research work provides valuable information about the intrinsic features of the historical brick and mortar. This is, in turn, provides main guidelines that support the restoration of the minaret. It is suggested that the outputs of this study will contribute to the practical repair to the historical minaret of the Al-Omariya mosque by appointing the crucial criteria for selecting new brick and mortar used as alternative building materials in future conservation and intervention strategies.

Characterization of building materials used in the construction of historical Al-Omariya mosque minaret in Mosul's old city, Iraq

Currently there are many software available to build and simulate biological systems, but almost none of them is capable of implementing functions like the Power Laws, the Saturating Cooperative and the Saturating. The objective of this project was to add these functions to the COPASI software, so it can be more pro table for its users. COPASI is one of the most popular systems biology standalone programs currently available. It’s is programmed in C++ and Qt (GUI). To do these modi cations, we had to analyze and understand the COPASI source code, and then we added the desired modi cations. This was not a trivial modi cation, as these three functions share a common problem: they are declared di erently depending on the number of substrates and modi ers of the reaction in which is selected. Usually, functions are de ned as static functions, but these three were dynamic functions and that is why it was a complex problem to implement this modi cation. The objective has been ful lled successfully and now it is more usable by the users. A comparison test between original COPASI and the modi ed COPASI was carried out by building the Overall Feedback model on both version. In this test it has been possible to appreciate the e ectiveness of the implemented functions by decreasing the time by half in the complete creation of the model. The time has been highly reduced as in the modi ed version user must not implement manually any kind of function.

Treball Final de Grau

Techniques and methodology for the preservation and environmental management of historic complexes: the case of the medieval city of Rhodos

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Techniques and methodology for the preservation and environmental management of historic complexes: the case of the medieval city of Rhodos