Inadequate provision of winter and early spring forage is a major problem for ruminant production in Yunnan Province, China. Temperate legumes (e.g., white clover) combined with perennial grasses (e.g., perennial ryegrass, cocksfoot) have the potential to fill this feed gap for livestock production when high fertiliser inputs are maintained. In commercial practice, however, these legume/grass pastures perform poorly and lack persistence due to poor fertiliser management. This paper describes a low‐input fertiliser strategy developed to maintain productive pastures on moderately acid (pH = 5.3) Hapludult (red earth) soils in Malong County, Yunnan. Since initial soil tests showed major deficiencies of phosphorus (P) (<6 mg kg‐1 Bray P) and potassium (K) (16 mg kg‐1), a three‐replicate experiment was done that included four rates of fused calcium magnesium phosphate (CaMgP) fertiliser (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 kg ha‐1 yr‐1), four rates of potassium sulphate (K2SO4) fertiliser (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha...

Effect of phosphorus, potassium and lime application on pasture in acid soil in Yunnan Province, China

Forage Resources of China

Objetivou-se avaliar a possibilidade de recuperacao deumapastagem degradada, de Brachiaria decumbens, com a introducao da leguminosa Stylosanthes e adubacao fosfatada. O experimento constou de distintos metodos de introducao em um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas (adubado com e sem fosforo), com quatro repeticoes e compostos pelos tratamentos: testemunha Brachiaria decumbens; dessecacao parcial com 1,5L ha-1 de glifosato; dessecacao total com 3,0L ha-1 de glifosato; plantio direto; escarificacao do solo; gradagem rome e aracao mais gradagem. Nos tratamentos gradagem rome e aracao mais gradagem a semeadura da leguminosa foi feita a lanco e os demais na forma de semeadura direta. Foram realizados seis cortes para separacao dos componentes morfologicos da forragem e composicao botânica. Os maiores acumulos de massa seca total foram encontrados para dessecacao parcial com 1,5L ha-1 de glifosato, gradagem rome, aracao mais gradagem e dessecacao total com 3,0L ha-1 de glifosato em relacao aos tratamentos plantio direto da leguminosa e testemunha. A composicao bromatologica foi melhor na estacao da primavera, PB e FDA apresentaram diferencas significativas entre todos os tratamentos (P<0,05). O adubo fosfatado teve efeito para FDA nas estacoes da primavera e outono. A introducao da leguminosa, por meio de gradageme aracao + gradagem,promoveu a maior produtividade na biomassa total e a dessecacao parcial e totalaumentaram a participacao da leguminosa. A adubacao fosfatada somente apresentou resultados positivos na produtividade e participacao da leguminosa durante a epoca de verao.

/pdf/recuperacao-de-pastagens-de-brachiaria-decumbens-degradada-1asxsmkg4h.pdf

Recuperação de pastagens de "Brachiaria decumbens" degradada com introdução de Stylosanthes e adubação fosfatada

Um experimento foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar, em dois anos, os efeitos de metodos de estabelecimento (sulcamento: 1,5 e 1,0 m entre linhas em etapa unica; 1,5 e 1,0 m em duas e tres etapas, respectivamente; aracao, gradeacao e sulcos espacados de 1,0 m entre linhas), doses de calcario (25, 50, 75 e 100% da necessidade de calagem-NC, obtida pelo metodo do Al, Ca e Mg trocaveis), gesso agricola (0, 230, 940, 1.880 e 2.820 kg/ha, referentes a substituicao de 0, 3,0, 12,5, 25,0 e 37,5% do CaO do calcario pelo CaO do gesso, na dose de 100% da NC) e P2O5 (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg/ha) nas concentracoes de minerais (P, K, Ca, Mg e S), proteina bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente acido (FDA) e lignina na materia seca e na DIVMS de Brachiaria decumbens consorciada com Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao. Os metodos de estabelecimento em duas e tres etapas propiciaram maiores concentracoes de K na braquiaria e Ca no estilosantes. As maiores concentracoes de PB na braquiaria foram alcancadas com o estabelecimento com aracao e gradeacao do solo. A substituicao do calcario pelo gesso elevou as concentracoes de S, Ca e PB na materia seca da braquiaria e do estilosantes e reduziu as concentracoes de FDN na graminea. As doses de P elevaram as concentracoes de P, PB e a DIVMS e reduziram as concentracoes de FDN na braquiaria, melhorando seu valor nutritivo.

/pdf/efeitos-de-metodos-de-estabelecimento-de-braquiaria-e-4zntqmfvuz.pdf

Efeitos de métodos de estabelecimento de braquiária e estilosantes e de doses de calcário, fósforo e gesso sobre alguns componentes nutricionais da forragem

Em solo de baixa fertilidade, sob pastagem natural degradada, pertencente a Universidade Federal de Vicosa - Vicosa (MG), foi estabelecida uma pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens consorciada com Stylosanthes guianensis cv. Mineirao, para avaliar os efeitos de doses de calcario (1.175, 2.350, 3.525 e 4.700 kg/ha, referentes a 25, 50, 75 e 100% da quantidade de calcario recomendada-QC), gesso agricola (0, 230, 940, 1.880 e 2.820 kg/ha, referentes a substituicao de 0, 3,0, 12,5, 25,0 e 37,5% do CaO do calcario pelo CaO do gesso) e de P2O5 (50, 100, 150, 200 e 250 kg/ha) sobre o pH do solo; os teores de P, K e S disponiveis e de Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, H + Al; a soma de bases (SB); a CTC efetiva (t) e a pH 7,0 (T); o indice de saturacao por bases (V) e por Al (m); a producao de materia seca, densidade de perfilhos e a altura de plantas da braquiaria; e a porcentagem da leguminosa na pastagem. A substituicao do CaO do calcario pelo CaO do gesso elevou a porcentagem do estilosantes na pastagem e os teores de S-SO42- e de Al3+, nas camadas de 0-15 e de 15-30 cm, e reduziu os teores de Ca2+ e de Mg2+, na camada de 0-15 cm. As doses crescentes de P2O5 aumentaram os teores de P (Mehlich-1) na camada de 0-15 cm do solo e favoreceram o perfilhamento e a altura da graminea, reduzindo a porcentagem da leguminosa na pastagem.

/pdf/estabelecimento-de-pastagem-consorciada-com-aplicacao-de-57vag1air0.pdf

Estabelecimento de pastagem consorciada com aplicação de calcário, fósforo e gesso

Seedbed requirements for the establishment of grasses and legumes were studied in 3 experiments conducted over 3 years (1981-83) on the sandy ( 20 mg kg-1 Bray P) ultisol soils found in the dry tropical rangelands of western Hainan Island, China. Density at the end of the wet season and production accumulated over the growing season (May-October) were the discriminative parameters used. Experiment 1 measured the effect of seedbed preparation (cultivated and uncultivated but heavily grass pasture) on the establishment of 2 grasses, buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L. cv. Biloela) and sabi (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Dandy cv. Nixon), sown alone or mixed with 3 stylos (Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw. var. guianensis cv. Graham, S. hamata (L.) Taub. cv. Verano and S. scabra Vog. cv. Seca) on the 2 soil types. Biloela buffel established better and produced more in subsequent years than Nixon sabi grass when sown on a cultivated seedbed, but neither grass established when sown into undisturbed grassland. Companion stylos established on both seedbeds, but initial density and yield was lower on the uncultivated seedbed. However, in 3-year-old swards, stylo yield on uncultivated seedbeds equalled or exceeded yield on cultivated seedbeds. Seca was the most productive stylo, but Graham yielded more consistently between years. Soil type had no effect on sown grass production, but legumes grew better on the sandy soil. Experiment 2 measured the effect of 4 seedbeds (heavily grazed, 1 disking, sprayed with herbicide, and cultivated to fine tilth) on establishment on Verano and Seca stylos on sandy soil. Density of both stylos was highest where grass competition was minimized with herbicide and lowest where heavy grazing was imposed prior to seeding. Compared to herbicide, disking resulted in lower density and yield in the establishment year, but the difference disappeared with time. Burial of seed too deeply and subsequent competition from native species account for the poor performance of both stylos when drilled into a cultivated seedbed which was still evident in 3-year-old swards. Experiment 3 examined the interaction between seedbed type (heavily grazed, burnt, 1 disking, sprayed with herbicide) and superphosphate application. Superior establishment was measured on herbicide and disked treatments and production was still higher in 3-year-old swards than heavy grazing. Burning was more effective than heavy grazing. Increasing fertilizer input improved legume production on all seedbeds, but did not affect density. Reduction in legume yield between 2- and 3-year-old swards in the burnt and disked treatment due to grass competition highlights the need for appropriate grazing to maintain legume content of augmented grasslands. Overall we recommend rough disking as the most practical and cost-effective means to augment native grasslands with stylos. A fine seedbed is recommended to provide the disturbance required to establish grasses. There is no advantage gained by including grasses with legumes oversown into living grassland.

/pdf/improvement-of-dry-tropical-rangelands-on-hainan-island-4fa54onb18.pdf

Improvement of dry tropical rangelands on hainan island, china: 4. effect of seedbed on pasture establishment

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Improvement of dry tropical rangelands on hainan island, china: 4. effect of seedbed on pasture establishment