In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication. 

Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications operating at 3.6 GHz

Abstract In this paper a Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with U-shaped Defected Ground Structure at 5.9 GHz and 27 GHz is designed and analyzed to cater wireless applications. The wideband behavior of the antenna is achieved by inserting U-shape DGS structure in the ground plane. The parameters such as gain, reflection coefficient (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), radiation pattern, and percentage bandwidth is evaluated to measure antenna performance. Here two frequencies are considered for wireless applications. One is at 5.9 GHz for Wi-Fi as well as Wi-Max applications. The second is at 24.4 GHz and 27 GHz for 5G network applications. The High-Frequency Structure Simulator tool is used to simulate the proposed antenna. Here, RT 5880 Duroid material of thickness 1.6 mm with a relative dielectric constant of 2.2 and substrate size of 36 mm x 40 mm with line feeding technique is considered for experimentation. From the simulation results, it is observed that the antenna achieves a bandwidth of 170 MHz with a gain of 14 dB, S11 of -15.52 dB, and VSWR of 1.4 at a resonant frequency of 5.9 GHz. Further, the bandwidth of 840 MHz with a gain of 15.75 dB, S11 of -18.37 dB, and VSWR of 1.35 is achieved at the resonant frequency of 24.4 GHz. Whereas, wide bandwidth with a gain of 3.28 dB, S11 of -14.79 dB, and VSWR of 1.45 at a resonant frequency of 27 GHz is achieved. The antenna can operate for 5.9 GHz, 24.4 GHz, and 27 GHz covering Wi-MAX and Mobile 5G applications. This work significantly improves the MSPA performance parameters as compared to existing techniques. Future scope lies in improving the impedance matching and reducing the surface currents. 

/pdf/dual-band-microstrip-patch-antenna-with-defected-ground-2qndfr28.pdf

Dual Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground Structure for WiMAX and 5G Applications

Sixth-generation (6G) applications require ultra-speed and large-capacity wireless communication services. Millimeter wave technology can be used to satisfy these requirements, especially at 28 GHz. This paper study used the Ansys® high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) to design and simulate rectangular and slotted rectangular microstrip patch antennas (MSPAs) at 28 GHz. The proposed designs contained a Rogers RT/Duroid® 5,880 substrate with a dielectric constant (ε r ) of 2.2 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The performance of both the proposed antennas was compared to determine which was more efficient. This present study also used an adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to determine the optimal frequency and gain. The main objective of the manuscript is to use artificial intelligence (AI) to obtain the best design results for MSPA. The results indicated, with the use of AI, the gain of the rectangular and slotted antennas, was 6.3943 and 6.3094 dB at an efficiency of 98.338% and 98.651%, respectively. 

Design and simulation of high efficiency rectangular microstrip patch antenna using artificial intelligence for 6G era

/pdf/design-of-a-patch-antenna-with-three-bands-for-vital-signs-8buza9tq.pdf

Design of A Patch Antenna with Three Bands for Vital Signs Monitoring Devices

Seedling rot disease in rice incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. in the rice nursery raised during December to January for summer rice cultivation is an emerging threat to rice cultivation in South Gujarat. In the present climate change scenario, rice crop is facing the challenges of new diseases which were otherwise not touching the economical threshold. Eight fungicides were evaluated under in vitro condition. Tebuconazole 50% + trifloxystrobin 25%, mancozeb 63%+ carbendazim 12%, azoxystrobin 18.2%+difenoconazole 11.4%SC, azoxystrobin 11.5% + mancozeb 30.0% and thiram 75 WS gave complete mycelial growth inhibition at 50 ppm concentration. Whereas azoxystrobin 23SC and tebuconazole 2% DS showed good mycelial growth inhibition ability with 83.30 and 90.74%, respectively. Most effective fungicides under in vitro were evaluated against seedling rot disease under field conditions during 2018 to 2020. Seed treatment with fungicides revealed that rice seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml /kg seed and soil application with Trichoderma harzianum (2×106 cfu/g) @ 1 g/m2 which was at par with seeds treated with azoxystrobin 23SC @ 1ml/kg seeds and azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4 %SC @ 1ml/kg seeds effectively managed seedling rot disease and given highest plant population with minimum seedling mortality, improved shoot and root length and good seedling vigor index.

Evaluation of different fungicides against rice seedling rot incited by Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Abstract: Due to the requirement for small, high-speed, and wide-bandwidth systems, communication technologies have been pushed towards the fifth generation (5G). These types of radio communication systems demand new antenna designs that are more efficient. Because of this, the new system will be able to work with more devices and meet the higher quality standards that modern applications require. In this paper, Microstrip patch antenna designed in CST software, which is the better for time domain based simulation. According to simulated results return loss of rectangular patch antenna with slotted is -49.80 dB at 28 GHz and gain is 7.58 dBi, return loss of circular patch antenna is -12.42 dB at 37.52 GHz and gain is 5.57 dBi, which are the best results got by comparing the microstrip patch and slots antenna. The designed antennas can be used for aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, and missile applications, applications. The proposed antenna would work well for 5G mobile communication because it has the high throughput that is needed. The antenna is small and light, which makes it a good choice for devices with limited space

/pdf/design-of-broadband-microstrip-patch-antennas-for-wireless-1yll8hel.pdf

Design of Broadband Microstrip Patch Antennas For Wireless System

Fertility restoration is a very important trait for the WA-CMS system in hybrid rice. Fifty-five BILs derived from KMR3 and FL478 cross combination possessing Saltol1 generated through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding (MABB) approach were screened using Rf4 and Rf3 markers during Rabi 2021. The use of molecular markers tightly linked with fertility restoration aided in identifying promising groups of restorers, maintainers, partial restorers, and partial maintainers. The presence of both Rf4 and Rf3 alleles among the nineteen BILs was 35% which showed a clear difference in the marker distribution among the BILs. The BILs namely TCP32, TCP34, TCP35, TCP36, TCP36-3, TCP37-2, TCP38, TCP13, TCP18, TCP19, TCP45, TCP46, TCP48, TCP54, TCP56, TCP57-1, TCP60, TCP61, TCP61-3 were identified as promising restorers possessing both Rf4 and Rf3 genes. The current study reflects that Rf4 and Rf3 genes in combination help in the breeding of WA-CMS-based hybrids in Saltol introgressed restorers with better heterosis under various ecologies, especially coastal saline areas.

Evaluation of Salinity-Tolerant Backcrossed Inbre Lines (BILs) For Fertility Restoration Using Molecula Markers

Drought stress has become more important abiotic factor affecting rice yield under present changing climate conditions. IR58025B is a maintainer line of widely used WA CMS line IR58025A and widely used in commercial rice hybrids production in India. Most of the rice hybrids are released for the irrigated ecosystem consequently, these derived hybrids suffer drastic yield decline under moisture stress conditions. To facilitate the efficient use of complex polygenic traits in hybrid rice molecular breeding research, we undertook development of introgression lines in background of IR58025B with tolerance to moisture stress by introgression of major QTL qDTY3.1 controlling grain yield under moisture stress. The present study reports the development and evaluation of 230 introgression lines (BC2F2) lines in IR58025B background for improvement of grain yield under moisture stress condition. Among 230 ILs, 24 introgression lines were found positive for qDTY3.1 and negative for fertility restoration (rf4 & rf3).Promising BILs exhibited earliness of 7 days under moisture stress with grain yield advantage of 8.54g to 10.78g in comparison to the recurrent parent. This suggested that the efficacy of introgressed drought tolerant QTL qDTY3.1 in enhancing grain yield under moisture stress conditions. Further, breeding lines of IR58025B possessing qDTY3.1 could also serve as good donors for development of drought tolerant rice hybrids for unfavorable ecologies.

Marker assisted backcross breeding to develop the drought tolerant version of IR58025B, a popular maintainer line of hybrid rice

DRR Dhan 57 [IET 26171 (RP 5601-283-14-4-1)], an aerobic rice variety was developed from BPT5204/ Azucena cross combination. It was evaluated in AICRIP multi-location aerobic rice trials during the wet seasons of 2016 to 2020. DRR Dhan 57 consistently outperformed the check varieties in Eastern Zone (Zone III) and Central Zone (Zone V) with a mean grain yield of 4782 kg/ha, which is 13%, 17% and 16 % higher than the National, Zonal and Local checks, respectively. In addition, it exhibited moderate resistance to leaf blast and Neck blast; and to gall midge and rice thrips, and moderate resistance to planthoppers and whorl maggot. DRR Dhan 57 has a mid-early duration of 120 days (seed to seed) and possesses desirable grain and cooking quality parameters. It was released for cultivation in aerobic ecosystems of Jharkhand (Zone III), and Chhattisgarh (Zone V) states through Central Sub-committee on Crop Standards, Notification and Release of Varieties for Agricultural Crops; vide S.O. 8(E) dated 24th December 2021[CG-DL-E-04012022-232406].

/pdf/drr-dhan-57-iet-26171-an-aerobic-rice-variety-3ajx56hv.pdf

DRR Dhan 57 (IET 26171) – an Aerobic Rice Variety

An analysis of a unique compact planar antenna with a multiband microstrip square patch slotted in the form of Swastik on FR4 substrate is proposed in this paper. The proposed design has a Swastik shaped slot etched on the square radiating patch and the antenna is fed using a microstrip feed line. The FR4 substrate (εr = 4.4) is used for the simulation analysis. The current flow is altered by the Swastik shaped slot which resonates at the 5 bands (penta band), which are suitable for 5G sub-GHz applications. The antenna has a compact size of 32 × 32 × 1.6 mm3 and has a return loss, S11 of less than -10dB for all resonant five frequencies. The analysis was performed taking into account S11 (Return loss), directivity, antenna gain, and VSWR. In this proposed microstrip patch antenna design, patch is slotted in the shape of Swastik. In order to increase the number of resonant bands and to support multi band operation, the concept of DGS (Defective Ground System) is applied where purposefully the ground is etched out. This paper illustrates the proposed antenna design methodology and its results. The simulation work for the proposed design is carried out using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) tool. 

Analysis of SWASTIK-shaped Slotted MSPA Antenna for 5G Sub Band Applications

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

N. P

Author Tools

Chat about Author