We show that in oxide thin films of spiral antiferromagnetic orthorhombic TbMnO3, ferromagnetism emerges resulting from epitaxially induced strain. The unit cell volume can be tuned (contracting up to a 2%) by varying thickness and deposition conditions; it is found that the ferromagnetic response correlates with the unit cell deformation. Such effect of strain on the magnetic properties turns out to be similar to that occurring in collinear orthorhombic antiferromagnets such as YMnO3. Owing to the intimate relationship between magnetic order and ferroelectricity in TbMnO3 these results may provide a new route to induce magnetoelectric coupling and tailor their ferroelectric response.

/pdf/emergence-of-ferromagnetism-in-antiferromagnetic-tbmno3-by-36ytj0ge6j.pdf

Emergence of ferromagnetism in antiferromagnetic TbMnO3 by epitaxial strain

The two-fluid model is a phenomenological description of the gradual change of the itinerant and local characters of the f-electrons with temperature and other tuning parameters and has been quite successful in explaining many unusual and puzzling experimental observations in heavy electron materials. We review some of these results and discuss possible implications of the two-fluid model in understanding the microscopic origin of heavy electron physics.

Two-Fluid Model for Heavy Electron Physics

The two-fluid model is a phenomenological description of the gradual change of the itinerant and local characters of f-electrons with temperature and other tuning parameters and has been quite successful in explaining many unusual and puzzling experimental observations in heavy electron materials. We review some of these results and discuss possible implications of the two-fluid model in understanding the microscopic origin of heavy electron physics.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0034-4885/79/7/074501/pdf

Two-fluid model for heavy electron physics.

Understanding the emergence and subsequent behavior of heavy electrons in Kondo lattice materials is one of the grand challenges in condensed matter physics. In this perspective we review the progress that has been made during the past decade and suggest some directions for future research. Our focus will be on developing a new microscopic framework that incorporates the basic concepts that emerge from a phenomenological description of the key experimental findings.

Toward a New Microscopic Framework for Kondo Lattice Materials

We report a comprehensive investigation of the lattice dynamics of ${\mathrm{URu}}_{2}{\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ as a function of temperature using Raman scattering, optical conductivity, and inelastic neutron scattering measurements as well as theoretical ab initio calculations. The main effects on the optical phonon modes are related to Kondo physics. The ${\mathrm{B}}_{1g}$ (${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{3}$ symmetry) phonon mode slightly softens below $\ensuremath{\sim}100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, in connection with the previously reported softening of the elastic constant, ${C}_{11}\ensuremath{-}{C}_{12}$, of the same symmetry, both observations suggesting a ${\mathrm{B}}_{1g}$ symmetry-breaking instability in the Kondo regime. Through optical conductivity, we detect clear signatures of strong electron-phonon coupling, with temperature-dependent spectral weight and Fano line shape of some phonon modes. Surprisingly, the line shapes of two phonon modes, ${\mathrm{E}}_{u}$(1) and ${\mathrm{A}}_{2u}$(2), show opposite temperature dependencies. The ${\mathrm{A}}_{2u}$(2) mode loses its Fano shape below 150 K, whereas the ${\mathrm{E}}_{u}$(1) mode acquires it below 100 K, in the Kondo crossover regime. This may point to momentum-dependent Kondo physics. By inelastic neutron-scattering measurements we have drawn the full dispersion of the phonon modes between 300 and 2 K. No remarkable temperature dependence has been obtained, including through the hidden order transition. Ab initio calculations with the spin-orbit coupling are in good agreement with the data except for a few low-energy branches with propagation in the ($a,b$) plane.

Lattice dynamics of the heavy-fermion compound URu 2 Si 2

Electron spin resonance (ESR) in multiferroic TbMnO3

We report temperature dependent X-Band (f~9.5 GHz) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and microwave absorption measurements in a single crystal of TbMnO3. A single Lorentzian ESR line with an isotropic g-value g~1.96 was observed for Tges120 K up to 600 K. The ESR signal is attributed to the Mn3+ ions in a insulator environment. The temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth is investigated for the external field applied along the three crystallographic axes. For all direction the ESR linewidth show a strong broadening as the temperature decreases due to the presence of short range magnetic correlations. The microwave absorption around the ferroelectric transition Tlock~27 K was investigated using a special cavity with a TE103 mode where the sample sits at the maximum microwave electric-field

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Microwave Absorption Studies in TbMnO $_3$ Multiferroic Compound

We report temperature dependent X-Band (v ~ 9.5 GHz) Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements in a single crystal of TbMnO3. The temperature dependence of this ESR linewidth was investigated in the three crystallographic orientations. The field-dependence of ESR line investigated by ESR experiments using other Band frequencies will be also discussed. TbMnO3 is orthorhombic insulator of the multiferroic parents. In order to further investigate the magnetic properties we have performed ESR measurements in a single crystal of TbMnO3 as function temperature and field.

Studies of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in TbMnO3 multiferroic compound

We present a systematic study at ambient pressure of the phononic and electronic Raman-active excitations in the $ab$ plane of the $(\mathrm{Ce},\mathrm{La})M{\mathrm{In}}_{5}$ $(M=\mathrm{Co},\mathrm{Rh})$ heavy-fermion family We found that the characteristic Raman spectra of this family of compounds display two phonon modes at $\ensuremath{\sim}38$ and $\ensuremath{\sim}165\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and a broad electronic background centered at $\ensuremath{\sim}40\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ For ${\mathrm{CeCoIn}}_{5}$, the temperature dependence of these excitations shows anomalous behavior near ${T}^{*}=45\phantom{\rule{03em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ that may indicate a nontrivial renormalization of the electronic structure driven by strong correlations between hybridized $4f$ electrons

Vibrational and electronic excitations in the (Ce,La)MIn5 (M=Co,Rh) heavy-fermion family

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Electron spin resonance (ESR) in multiferroic TbMnO3

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Microwave Absorption Studies in TbMnO $_3$ Multiferroic Compound

Studies of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) in TbMnO3 multiferroic compound

Vibrational and electronic excitations in the (Ce,La)MIn5 (M=Co,Rh) heavy-fermion family