High-precision density measurements on cold-rolled Pd77.5Cu6Si16.5 glass rods before and after relaxation anneals showed that 30–40% rolling leads to a density reduction of ∼0.14%, recoverable on subsequent annealing below Tg. This change is about half of the density increase attainable by recovery-annealing the as-quenched glass. Density changes in Fe40Ni40B20 glass ribbon, resulting from recovery-annealing, were studied indirectly by measuring isothermal length changes through dilatometry of foil sandwiches. The experimental conditions for reliable isothermal dilatometry, using a commercial instrument, are outlined. It was found that the kinetics of length change in the longitudinal and transverse directions were quite different, being faster in the former. Prolonged recovery-annealing prior to dilatometry removed this difference. The intermediate stage of each isotherm followed logt kinetics. Experiments were performed with Fe40Ni40B20, Ni64Zr36 and Cu66Ti34 to search for a reversible component of length change during cyclic isothermal holds at two temperatures. Such a component probably exists but is extremely small, less than 1% of the limiting irreversible length change. The implications of the various findings are discussed in the light of recent literature.

Studies of Relaxation of Metallic Glasses by Dilatometry and Density Measurements

Anelastic crossover and creep recovery spectra in Fe40Ni40B20 metallic glass

Electrical resistivity and thermal expansion measurements were made to elucidate the structural relaxation of Ni 78 Si 8 B 14 metallic glass, especially, the topological short range ordering. The decrease of the resistivity and the increase of its temperature coefficient were observed, and these changes due to the structural relaxation were discussed on the basis of the extended Ziman theory for metallic glasses proposed by Nagel. The densification of about 0.25% and the decrease of 4% in the thermal expansion coefficient were observed in the considerably relaxed sample. The topological short range ordering in Ni 78 Si 8 B 14 metallic glass occurs rapidly at the annealing temperature above 200°C.

Study of structural relaxation of Ni78Si8B14 metallic glass by electrical resistivity and thermal expansion measurements

https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/uuid%3A0846ead5-3dac-4337-8fef-041d54d78ed9/datastream/OBJ/download

Accurate Contraction and Creep Measurements During Structural Relaxation of Amorphous Fe40Ni40B20

The change in length with respect to time of electrodeposited amorphous FeP tubes was studied during continuous heating and a stepwise annealing procedure at constant temperatures. At first heating the regular thermal expansion is superposed by an irreversible shrinkage. This is a symptom of structural relaxation. From the kinetics of this process activation energies between 1 and 1.7 eV and frequency factors of about 1013 s−1 are derived for the elementary relaxation processes. The program chosen for the stepwise thermal treatment allows qualitative conclusions concerning the shape of the spectrum of activation energies. The effect of irreversible contraction is about five times greater in FeP than CoP. This obviously originates from different excess free volumes inserted in the two materials during preparation. The reason for this is a different short range order as can be concluded from the densities observed and their dependence on the composition of the alloys.

Thermal expansion and structural relaxation of amorphous FeP

High precision thermal dilatation measurements are used for the investigation of the structural relaxation and the crystallization process in amorphous Fe 40 Ni 40 B 20 alloys obtained by the melt spinning technique. In the region of low temperature relaxation the thermal dilatation curves show an irreversible behaviour which is attributed to a change in the excess volume of the non-ideal glass. This process is quasi-continuous and results in about 0.15% length contraction for the quasi-isothermal annealing. In addition to this quasi-continuous densification two pronounced dilatation minima also occur which are probably due to compositional short range ordering before crystallization. The apparent activation energies ( E ) for the initial and further stages of crystallization are determined from the thermal dilatation curves obtained for the heating rates ranging from 1.5 to 160 K/min. Our E values of 3.1 and 3.6 eV (for the initial and further stages of crystallization, respectively) are in good agreement with those obtained independently from other measurements. The apparent contraction during crystallization is practically the same as that for low temperature relaxation.

The investigation of the structural relaxation of Fe40Ni40B20 metallic glass by thermal dilatation measurements

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The investigation of the structural relaxation of Fe40Ni40B20 metallic glass by thermal dilatation measurements