Groundwater is the most reliable source of fresh water. Due to several criteria such as increased population, urbanization, and industrialization, the groundwater sources are under severe threat. Climate change plays a vital role in the quality and quantity of groundwater sources. Also, the climate variability severely affects the parameters influencing the groundwater recharge. Unreliable monsoons and poor quality of the surface water resources tend to increase the decline in the groundwater levels. Hence, it is necessary to identify and delineate the groundwater potential zone (GWP) which can be used to augment the groundwater source. The study is carried out for Kancheepuram district where the groundwater serves as the main source for domestic and agricultural purposes rather than the surface water. The parameters such as topography, geology, drainage density, geomorphology, soil, land use and land cover rainfall, and the lineament density are generated as different layers in the GIS background and are subjected to weighted overlay analysis to obtain the potential zones of groundwater. The weights for the various layers were generated using the multi-criteria decision-making technique and analytical hierarchy process which allows the pairwise comparison of criteria influencing the potential zone. Further, the GWP map has been reclassified into five different classes, namely very high, high, moderate, low, and very low. The results of the study revealed that the very high potential zone comprises 12.68% (546.82 km2), high 25.07% (1081.30 km2), moderate 28.79% (1242.04 km2), low 22.97% (990.96 km2), and very low 10.50% (452.83 km2), respectively. In addition, the results validated using well yield data and pre-monsoon and post-monsoon water level data were found to have a good correlation with the same. Future management plans including natural and artificial recharge practice can be effectively made in these areas as reliable results were obtained with the methodology adopted.

Groundwater potential zone mapping using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and GIS for Kancheepuram District, Tamilnadu, India

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in Chittar basin, Southern India using GIS based AHP technique

Estimation of soil erosion risk in southern part of Syria by using RUSLE integrating geo informatics approach

Impact of hydro-geological environment on availability of groundwater using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and geospatial techniques: A study from the upper Kangsabati river basin

Delineation of groundwater potential zones using MIF and AHP models: A micro-level study on Suri Sadar Sub-Division, Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

Soil erosion and its impact on the land and surface water resources are posing both ecological and socioeconomic threats around the world. In South India, tank systems are quite ancient, supporting rural livelihood including their agricultural needs. But, in recent decades they have lost their significance. The aggravated catchment erosion and resultant siltation have significantly reduced their storage capacity and thereby their functionality. Ambuliyar sub-basin, encompassing 809 irrigation tanks, has once satisfied multifunctional needs of people but now becomes degraded due to siltation. Though desilting of tanks and feeder channels is practiced, the tanks often get silted owing to aggravate soil erosion. Hence, to sustain their life span, it is essential to minimize the erosion in the catchment. Thus, the present study intends to estimate the rate of erosion, analyze their spatial variation through a time series analysis, and ascertain the causative factor. Accordingly, the annual soil loss estimated using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation method has shown an increase in the rate of erosion from 4084.40 (1996) to 4922.47 t ha−1 y−1 (2016). However, spatially, a non-uniform pattern is inferred, and hence based on the variations, the sub-basin is divided into five zones. In zones I, II, and V, there is an increase in erosion, and in zones III and IV, a decrease is witnessed. Variations studied in conjunction with RUSLE parameters reveal that the improper land use practice has modified the erosion rate and pattern. Further, it is presumed that the silted watercourses might have increased the overland flow, which in turn increased the erosion. Remedial measures such as afforestation, promotion of coconut plantation, and reduction in overland flow by desilting tanks are suggested; thereby, the surface and groundwater resources will be enhanced and in turn the agricultural productivity.

Influence of land use changes on spatial erosion pattern, a time series analysis using RUSLE and GIS: the cases of Ambuliyar sub-basin, India

In SCS-CN method, curve number is significant parameter in estimating runoff from the catchment of the reservoir or inflow to the reservoir. As this curve number is function of several parameters like hydrological soil group, LULC, land treatment, hydrologic conditions and AMC, the selection of CN for prediction of inflow to the lake or reservoir is considered as a crucial in the hydrological studies. LULC, micro-watershed, drainage density, and catchment slope are obtained using spatial analysis and also SCS Curve Number value for Ponnaniyaru dam catchment area is derived from the LULC data. Further, CN value is evaluated from actual rainfall data and runoff volume collected at the reservoir. The study reveals the significant variation of CN value among each event. The present case study highlights the sensitiveness of CN value in the computation of runoff from the watershed.

Determination of Watershed Characteristics and Curve Number (CN) for Ponnaniyaru Dam Catchment Area

Purpose of the ground water is very important to in our world. The condition of the ground water level and occurrence is differing from geological nature of earth. The present study, delineate the ground water potential zone in the hard rock terrain of Sengipatti and surrounding area using Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique is use to determined the weights of the different themes. Thus thematic layers drainage, geomorphology, land use/land cover, slope, lithology are prepare using Geological Survey of India Toposheets and IRS-IC satellite image. The weights are applied to the thematic layers after linear combination of the all layers. Finally delineate the possible ground water potential zone in the study area. Thus prospective zone are classify the three categories high, moderate, low. It has been total study area of the sengipatti region 32.28% of the area is high ground water potential zone and 34.1% area was moderate ground water potential zone and 33.63% area is low ground water potential zone.

Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zone in Sengipatti for Thanjavur District using Analytical Hierarchy Process

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Papers

Influence of land use changes on spatial erosion pattern, a time series analysis using RUSLE and GIS: the cases of Ambuliyar sub-basin, India

Determination of Watershed Characteristics and Curve Number (CN) for Ponnaniyaru Dam Catchment Area

Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zone in Sengipatti for Thanjavur District using Analytical Hierarchy Process