We identified the spontaneous magnetostriction effects in the chiral magnet ${\mathrm{CrNb}}_{3}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. The powdered x-ray diffraction patterns indicate a prominent magnetostriction effect at the earth field. The unit-cell volume remains almost constant, as in the so-called Invar effect, below 170 K in the paramagnetic region, where the atomic positions of Nb and S show characteristic changes. Below the magnetic ordering temperature of 127 K, the lattice constants $a$ and $c$ exhibit an opposite temperature dependence. When a finite magnetic field of 1.2 kOe is applied, a magnetostriction appears that counterbalances the spontaneous magnetostriction. The magnetostriction phenomena in ${\mathrm{CrNb}}_{3}{\mathrm{S}}_{6}$ were investigated from the viewpoint of the atomic level of the chiral effect.

Spontaneous magnetostriction effects in the chiral magnet CrNb 3 S 6

We synthesize herein millimeter-sized single crystals of the molecule-based chiral antiferromagnet, [NH4][Mn(HCOO)3]. The crystal is optically transparent, and has a hexagonal crystal structure tha...

Magnetic Phase Diagram and Chiral Soliton Phase of Chiral Antiferromagnet [NH4][Mn(HCOO)3]

Previous magnetic measurements for the chiral magnet CrNb3S6 have shown that the soliton penetration and soliton dissipation in the chiral soliton lattice state strongly depend on the crystal's size and shape. We performed magnetic measurements for a thin single crystal of CrNb3S6 with a thickness 3 μm, permitting the existence of approximately 60 solitons, and observed the magnetization (M)—magnetic field (H) curve with a remarkable full M–H loop. By investigating the minor loop of the M–H curve in detail, we found that the inside of the full M–H loop allows an infinite number of quasi-stable states for each eigen number of solitons, utilizing a non-negligible distribution of the thickness around 3 μm. This study reveals that in a microcrystal with a chiral axis length of a few micrometers, any magnetic state with an arbitrary soliton number can be created in a certain H range within the full M–H loop.

Soliton locking phenomenon over finite magnetic field region in the monoaxial chiral magnet CrNb 3 S 6

Physical reservoir computing and deep neural networks using artificial and natural noncollinear spin textures

The monoaxial chiral magnet CrNb 3 S 6 exhibits a chiral soliton lattice (CSL) upon application of an external magnetic field (H) perpendicular to the helical axis (c-axis). The increase in the soliton (kink) number of the CSL in the process of decreasing H accompanies soliton penetration after nucleation at the surface. Avalanche soliton nucleation occurs during the initial process of soliton nucleation. We applied dynamic strain with scores of MHz to the crystal with the crystal size along the c-axis of 10 μm from the edge of the c-axis, so that we controlled the avalanche soliton nucleation by modifying the surface barrier. The present results suggest that the acoustic wave is useful for controlling the soliton number.

Controlling avalanche soliton nucleation in a chiral soliton lattice on a monoaxial chiral magnet CrNb3S6 by dynamic strain

We examine the surface size- and shape-effects of soliton annihilation and soliton nucleation in chiral magnet CrNb3S6. We measure magnetization (M) curves of submillimeter-sized single crystals with an equal length along the c-axis (Lc = 10 μm) but with different cross sections in the ab-plane (Sab = 0.120–0.014 mm2). We find a ferromagnetic type of magnetizing (FMM) with a convex curve (d2M/dH2 < 0) near zero field (H = 0) and a major jump in M near the forced ferromagnetic state, which are more conspicuous, compared with earlier samples with submillimeter Lc [K. Tsuruta et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 85, 013707 (2016)]. A new finding is that the major jump in M occurs at lower fields in samples with the smaller Sab. We further perform numerical simulation of the magnetization process with the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation of the Langevin-type. Based on the numerical results, we attribute the FMM at small fields to rapid annihilation of soliton assisted by the reduction of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction near the surfaces. We also discuss possible penetration processes of chiral soliton through the ac-(bc-)plane as well as ab-plane, and its relation to the major jump in M. Our experimental and calculated results will contribute to understanding of the effects of topological metastability in chiral magnets.

Surface-size and shape dependencies of change in chiral soliton number in submillimeter-scale crystals of chiral magnet CrNb3S6

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Surface-size and shape dependencies of change in chiral soliton number in submillimeter-scale crystals of chiral magnet CrNb3S6