Design of road culverts for fish passage

Cataloging and synthesizing existing methods for the design of roadway-stream crossings for fish passage began in January 2005 with an extensive literature review covering the topics of culvert design and assessment to facilitate fish passage. A survey was posted online to gather input from design professionals across the country, and a Culvert Summit Meeting was held in Denver, Colorado from February 15-16, 2006, to allow presentation and discussion of state-of-practice design and assessment techniques. Following the Summit meeting, a Technical Advisory Committee was developed with individuals specifically knowledgeable in the topics of interest. Members were crucial in shaping and reviewing the direction of these guidelines. This document places current culvert design techniques into four categories based on design premise and objectives. These categories include: No Impedance techniques, which span the entire stream channel and floodplain; Geomorphic Simulation techniques, which create fish passage by matching natural channel conditions within the culvert crossing; Hydraulic Simulation techniques, which attempt to closely resemble hydraulic diversity found in the natural channels through the use of natural and oversized substrate; and Hydraulic Design techniques, which may utilize roughness elements such as baffles and weirs to meet species specific fish passage criteria during periods of fish movement. Preliminary chapters covering the topics of fish biology and capabilities, culverts as barriers, fish passage hydrology, and design considerations aid in the selection of appropriate design techniques based on hydraulic, biologic, and geomorphic considerations. A further section presents examples of design techniques fitting the defined design categories. Design examples and case histories for a selection of design techniques are presented next, and are followed by a discussion on construction, maintenance, monitoring, and future research needs.

Design for Fish Passage at Roadway-Stream Crossings: Synthesis Report

An outcome of the Washington State Department of Transportation's Juvenile Fish Passage Workshop on September 24, 1997, was agreement that a literature review was necessary to determine the state of knowledge about juvenile salmonid movement and passage through culverts at road crossings. This report summarizes the findings of the literature review. The conclusion of this literature review is that stream dwelling salmonids are often highly mobile. Upstream movement was observed in nearly all studies that were designed to detect it, and in all species, age classes, and seasons. There are variations in the movement patterns of fish populations both between and within river systems. The role of turbulence in affecting the ability of fish to pass through culverts is poorly understood and deserves further investigation. Countersunk culverts have proved to be better for fish passage than culverts with or without other modifications for fish passage.

/pdf/juvenile-and-resident-salmonid-movement-and-passage-through-70kip5vb5e.pdf

Juvenile and resident salmonid movement and passage through culverts

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the hydraulics of culvert fishways with a slotted-weir baffle system. Six designs with two baffle heights and three spacings were tested....

Hydraulics of culvert fishways II: slotted-weir culvert fishways

This paper presents the results of a laboratory study of culvert fishways with weir-type baffles. Baffles with heights equal to 0.15 and 0.1 times the diameter (D) of the culvert were studied with longitudinal spacings of 0.6D and 1.2D. Equations have been developed to describe the relation between the discharge, slope, diameter, and the depth of flow. It has been possible to predict the barrier velocity that would exist at the baffles. The performance of the weir baffles has been found to be as good as that of the slotted-weir baffles. Key words: culverts, fishways, hydraulics, turbulent flow, open-channel flow.

Hydraulics of Culvert Fishways III: Weir Baffle Culvert Fishways

An Experimental Study of Slotted-Weir Baffle Culvert Fishways

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Hydraulics of culvert fishways II: slotted-weir culvert fishways

An Experimental Study of Slotted-Weir Baffle Culvert Fishways