Environmental applications of chitosan and cellulosic biopolymers: A comprehensive outlook

Cellulose acetate in fabrication of polymeric membranes: A review.

Bio-polymer electrolyte iota-carrageenan (Ι-carrageenan) with ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) has been prepared by solution-casting technique. The increase in amorphous nature of the bio-polymer electrolyte due to the addition of salt has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. From the XRD spectra, the average particle size has been calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula and the value is 0.98 nm. The complex formation between the polymer and the salt has been confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature of the bio-polymer Ι-carrageenan with NH4NO3 electrolytes has been found using differential scanning calorimetric technique. From the AC impedance spectroscopic analysis, the ionic conductivity value has been found to be 1.46 × 10− 3 S/cm at ambient temperature for the composition of 1.0 g Ι-carrageenan: 0.4 wt% NH4NO3. The temperature dependent conductivity of the polymer electrolyte obeys an Arrhenius relationship. The dielectric behavior has been analyzed using dielectric permittivity (e*) and the relaxation frequency (τ) has been calculated from the loss tangent spectra (tan δ). The modulus spectra indicate non-Debye nature of the material. Ionic transference number has been found to be 0.95 for the polymer 1.0 g Ι-carrageenan: 0.4 wt% NH4NO3. The result reveals that the conducting species are predominantly due to ions. Electrochemical stability window of 2.46 V has been measured by using linear sweep voltammetry for the highest ionic conducting membrane. A primary proton battery has been constructed with the highest conductivity sample and open circuit voltage has been found to be 1.04 V. Fuel cell has been constructed with the highest proton conductivity polymer 1.0 g Ι-carrageenan: 0.4 wt% NH4NO3 and the open circuit voltage found to be 442 mV.

Conductive bio-polymer electrolyte iota-carrageenan with ammonium nitrate for application in electrochemical devices

With the continuing efforts to explore alternatives to petrochemical-based polymers and the escalating demand to minimize environmental impact, bio-based polymers have gained a massive amount of attention over the last few decades. The potential uses of these bio-based polymers are varied, from household goods to high end and advanced applications. To some extent, they can solve the depletion and sustainability issues of conventional polymers. As such, this article reviews the trends and developments of bio-based polymers for the preparation of polymer electrolytes that are intended for use in electrochemical device applications. A range of bio-based polymers are presented by focusing on the source, the general method of preparation, and the properties of the polymer electrolyte system, specifically with reference to the ionic conductivity. Some major applications of bio-based polymer electrolytes are discussed. This review examines the past studies and future prospects of these materials in the polymer electrolyte field.

Bio-Based Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochemical Devices: Insight into the Ionic Conductivity Performance.

Investigation on transport and thermal studies of solid polymer electrolyte based on carboxymethyl cellulose doped ammonium thiocyanate for potential application in electrochemical devices

Investigation of bio polymer electrolyte based on cellulose acetate-ammonium nitrate for potential use in electrochemical devices.

電気化学デバイスにおける潜在的利用のためのセルロースアセテート硝酸アンモニウムに基づくバイオ高分子電解質の研究【Powered by NICT】

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Investigation of bio polymer electrolyte based on cellulose acetate-ammonium nitrate for potential use in electrochemical devices.

電気化学デバイスにおける潜在的利用のためのセルロースアセテート硝酸アンモニウムに基づくバイオ高分子電解質の研究【Powered by NICT】