Isopentenyladenosine and cytokinin-like activity of different humic substances

The use of vermicompost (VC) has long been recognized as an effective means of increasing crop yields through improved soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Since synthetic mineral fertilizers are disallowed in organic crop production, there has been a renewed interest in recycling wastes into valuable organic fertilizer through vermicomposting and its subsequent utilization in organic crop production. This review summarizes published data on influence of VC on productivity and quality of crops and on soil properties particularly under organic management. Several researchers have reported that VC application give marginally lower or comparable crop growth and yield under organic management compared with that of mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, it has been well established that VC application significantly improves overall health of soil. Hence, VC has the potential to become a major soil amendment in organic crop production. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

/pdf/utilization-of-vermicompost-as-a-soil-amendment-in-organic-3vg2lvwmk1.pdf

Utilization of vermicompost as a soil amendment in organic crop production.

Influence of earthworms on the mobility and bioavailability of metals, metalloids and radionuclides in historically contaminated soil

. Power stations, ships and air traffic are among the most potent greenhouse gas emitters and are primarily responsible for global warming. Iron salt aerosols (ISAs), composed partly of iron and chloride, exert a cooling effect on climate in several ways. This article aims firstly to examine all direct and indirect natural climate cooling mechanisms driven by ISA tropospheric aerosol particles, showing their cooperation and interaction within the different environmental compartments. Secondly, it looks at a proposal to enhance the cooling effects of ISA in order to reach the optimistic target of the Paris climate agreement to limit the global temperature increase between 1.5 and 2 °C. Mineral dust played an important role during the glacial periods; by using mineral dust as a natural analogue tool and by mimicking the same method used in nature, the proposed ISA method might be able to reduce and stop climate warming. The first estimations made in this article show that by doubling the current natural iron emissions by ISA into the troposphere, i.e., by about 0.3 Tg Fe yr−1, artificial ISA would enable the prevention or even reversal of global warming. The ISA method proposed integrates technical and economically feasible tools.

/pdf/climate-engineering-by-mimicking-natural-dust-climate-1bq5e9jywf.pdf

Climate engineering by mimicking natural dust climate control: the iron salt aerosol method

Over the last decades, more attention has been paid to carbon accumulation in soil, more recently, to soil humus forms, as they indicate environmental conditions and state of soil organic matter. There is insufficient information on the impact of soil and forest type on the chemical properties of soil, soil organic matter and humus form. Knowledge about the chemical properties of humus is crucial for modelling C and N accumulation and storage in forest soils. On this account, the aim of this study was to char­ acterize soil humus forms, humus chemical properties and C stock and to determine the spatial distribution correlations between soil humus forms in forests formed on dry mineral soils. We studied humus forms in 44 sampling sites located in different types of forests. Soil samples were collected from genetic O and A (EA) horizons and analysed for organic carbon (CORG) and total nitrogen (NTOT) content and NaOH extractable organic matter. Generalized linear model analysis showed that the distribution of the psammomor and mor humus forms is related to oligotrophic forest types, while glaciogenic and glaciolimnic sediments constitute the main precondition for the occurrence of the mull humus form. The psammomor and mor humus forms have the lowest CORG stock in the topsoil, and more than 75% of the total CORG is accumulated in the O horizon. The mull humus form soils have the highest CORG stock in the min­ eral topsoil, accumulating 80% of the total topsoil CORG stock. The Ah horizons of the mull humus soils also have a significantly lower CHS­to­CORG ratio.

Humus forms, carbon stock and properties of soil organic matter in forests formed on dry mineral soils in Latvia

Earthworm biomass and activity in soil are highly related to the nature of vegetable organic wastes and are controlled by climatic conditions, food composition, physical and chemical soil characteristics. Earthworms strongly affect soil fertility by increasing the availability of nutrients, improving soil structure and water-holding capacity, but the main effect of earthworms in soil concerns the control of the humification process. It has been suggested that earthworms can increase the velocity of organic residue decomposition and also produce faeces rich in bioactive humus. While the role played by earthworms in the growth and productivity of plants was previously related to their effects on soil structure, recent work has suggested that these effects may be due to the production of faeces that contain more than 40% of humic substances endowed with hormone-like activity. This mini-review summarizes the progress made in recent years on the effects of humic substances isolated from earthworm faeces. Some specific issues will focus on the effects of earthworms on humification processes, plant growth and physiological processes in plant tissues. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Effects of humic substances isolated from earthworm faeces.

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Effects of humic substances isolated from earthworm faeces.