Mitochondria contain their own genetic system and undergo a unique mode of cytoplasmic inheritance. Each organelle has multiple copies of a covalently closed circular DNA genome (mtDNA). The entire...

http://www.biomol.it/unictbiolmol-lab/figure_didattica/R09.PhysRev88.611.pdf

Transcriptional Paradigms in Mammalian Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Function

We are witnessing a period of renewed interest in the biology of the mitochondrion. The mitochondrion serves a critical function in the maintenance of cellular energy stores, thermogenesis, and apoptosis. Moreover, alterations in mitochondrial function contribute to several inherited and acquired human diseases and the aging process. This review summarizes our understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved in the biogenesis and energy metabolic function of mitochondria in higher organisms.

/pdf/transcriptional-regulatory-circuits-controlling-4qsomh5g94.pdf

Transcriptional regulatory circuits controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and function

Mitochondrial Signaling: The Retrograde Response

Gene regulatory factors encoded by the nuclear genome are essential for mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Some of these factors act exclusively within the mitochondria to regulate the control of mitochondrial transcription, translation, and other functions. Others govern the expression of nuclear genes required for mitochondrial metabolism and organelle biogenesis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) family of transcriptional coactivators play a major role in transducing and integrating physiological signals governing metabolism, differentiation, and cell growth to the transcriptional machinery controlling mitochondrial functional capacity. Thus, the PGC-1 coactivators serve as a central component of the transcriptional regulatory circuitry that coordinately controls the energy-generating functions of mitochondria in accordance with the metabolic demands imposed by changing physiological conditions, senescence, and disease.

/pdf/transcriptional-integration-of-mitochondrial-biogenesis-4lvuzh4aup.pdf

Transcriptional integration of mitochondrial biogenesis.

Nuclear activators and coactivators in mammalian mitochondrial biogenesis

The basal promoter elements of murine cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV gene consist of tandemly duplicated ets motifs that bind to GABP-related transcription factors.

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The basal promoter elements of murine cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV gene consist of tandemly duplicated ets motifs that bind to GABP-related transcription factors.