The direct measurement of the stress or strain partitioning during deformation in the materials, consisting of two phases with the same crystallographic structure and different microstructures, is still difficult so far. This is due to the fact that no effective characterization tool is available with the ability to distinguish the local strain and stress at microscale level. In this article, we studied the micromechanical behavior of ferrite/martensite dual-phase (DP) alloys using the in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HEXRD) technique. We established a new method to separate the stress and strain in the ferrite and martensite during loading. Although the ferrite and martensite exhibit the same crystal structure with similar lattice parameters, the dependence of (200) lattice strains on the applied stress is obviously different for each phase. A visco-plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model, which can simulate the micromechanical behavior of two-phase materials, was used to construct the respective constitutive laws for both phases from the experimental lattice strains and to fit the macro-stress-strain curve. The material parameters for each phase extracted from our experiments and simulations could be used for designing other DP alloys and optimizing some complex industrial processes.

Stress and Strain Partitioning of Ferrite and Martensite during Deformation

Microcrack initiation mechanism of a duplex stainless steel under very high cycle fatigue loading condition: The significance of load partitioning and micro residual stresses

Rolling textures of the constituent phases in an austenitic–ferritic duplex stainless steel are measured by X-ray diffraction experiments, showing that the brass-type texture, typical of f.c.c. materials with low SFE, is developed in the austenitic phase, and the rotated-cube and brass-R textures are developed in the ferritic phase. On the basis of the experimental texture components and fibers at different reductions, rolling textures of the respective phases in the duplex steel are simulated using a self-consistent model. After considering various micromechanical interactions within the steel, a reliable prediction of the evolution of grain orientation distributions for the phases at small reductions is achieved. An attempt in modeling the brass-type texture for the f.c.c. metallic phase is also performed by incorporating the shear banding mechanism into the presented model.

Self-consistent modeling of rolling textures in an austenitic-ferritic duplex steel

Shot peening is a surface process commonly used in the aeronautic and automotive industries to improve fatigue resistance. Shot peening is proven to be beneficial in the fatigue behavior of components, but rarely has its influence on wear and pitting corrosion resistance been evaluated. In this work, shot peening was performed on AISI F55-UNS S32760 super-duplex stainless steel samples previously submitted to various thermal treatments, to obtain different initial microstructures and properties. Samples have been characterized in terms of microstructure morphology, local chemical composition, microhardness of each constituent phase, and energy dissipation modes. The enhanced properties provided by shot peening has been evaluated through residual stress depth profiles and Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) using X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface hardness, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance through salt spray fog tests. The 1400 °C solution thermal treatment was identified as the optimum initial condition, which maximizes the advantages of the shot peening treatment, even pitting corrosion resistance. These results are related to the uniformity of austenite and ferrite in terms of microstructure morphology, micromechanical properties, and alloying elements distribution.

/pdf/influence-of-microstructure-and-shot-peening-treatment-on-32briwbso4.pdf

Influence of Microstructure and Shot Peening Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of AISI F55-UNS S32760 Super Duplex Stainless Steel

Development of crystallographic-orientation-dependent internal strains around a fatigue-crack tip during overloading and underloading

Recently, much attention has been paid to studying the micromechanical behavior of multiphase materials by virtue of their extensive engineering applications. A strong heterogeneity in stress exists in two-phase materials during loading due to the different thermal expansion coefficients and the respective mechanical properties of each individual phase. For one duplex stainless steel under uniaxial compression, the distributions of microstrains were characterized with the strain response of multiple reflections to the applied external stress for each phase by employing in situ neutron diffraction experiments. Based on these, the anisotropic elastoplastic properties of the duplex steel on microscales, i.e. phase size and grain size, were modeled using a two-phase viscoplastic self-consistent (VPSC) model involving lattice rotation (texture evolution). Good agreement between predictions and neutron diffraction measurements was found. The stress partition between phases and orientated grains was discussed to characterize the phase stress and the grain-orientation-dependent stress, thus the particular micromechanical properties of two-phase materials may be explored.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0953-8984/20/10/104259/pdf

Micromechanical behaviors of duplex steel: in situ neutron diffraction measurements and simulations

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Micromechanical behaviors of duplex steel: in situ neutron diffraction measurements and simulations