Soil salinization processes have increased over the years and affect large parts of agricultural fields. The purpose of this review was to highlight the most important aspects regarding the potential effects of soil salinity on plants. In the current context of climate change, extreme weather and increased drought periods can lead to plant metabolic dysfunctionalities and accumulation of salt ions because of the increasing need for irrigation. The most important limiting factor, salinity, has a highly negative impact on plant growth independent of the appearance of either natural or anthropic status. The negative aspects include decreased leaf development rate, a low water level in all parts of the plant, reduced cell division and elongation, and low-intensity photosynthetic rate. Other negative aspects are directly related to stomata closure, reduced transpiration, low CO2 level, and limitations on seed germination. However, there are also some positive aspects to the presence of salinity in soil. The field offers unlimited possibilities of research in order to activate pathways that help plants become resistant to salt stress. Several physiological parameters can benefit from low salt concentration (halopriming), such as germination, vigor, rapid seedling growth, and increased stomata number. Further studies should focus on both the positive and negative aspects of the increase in soil salinity.

https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/3/734/pdf?version=1679485121

Exploring the Research Challenges and Perspectives in Ecophysiology of Plants Affected by Salinity Stress

Marine invertebrates are extremely diverse, largely productive, untapped oceanic resources with chemically unique bioactive lead compound contributing a wide range of screening for the discovery of anticancer compounds. The lead compounds have unfurled an extensive array of pharmacological properties owing to the presence of polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids and other secondary metabolites. The antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities exhibited, are possibly regulated by the apoptosis induction, scavenging of ROS and modulation of cellular signaling pathways to defy the cellular deafness during carcinogenesis. Despite the enriched bioactive compounds, the marine invertebrates are largely unexplored as identification, screening, pre-clinical and clinical assessment of lead compounds and their synthetic analogs remain a major task to be solved. In the current review, we focus on the principle strategy and underlying mechanisms deployed by the bioactive anticancer compounds derived from marine invertebrates to combat cancer with special insight into the cell death mechanism.

Bioactive compounds from marine invertebrates as potent anticancer drugs: the possible pharmacophores modulating cell death pathways.

Seed germination (SG) is the first stage in a plant's life and has an immense importance in sustaining crop production. Abiotic stresses reduce SG by increasing the deterioration of seed quality, and reducing germination potential, and seed vigor. Thus, to achieve a sustainable level of crop yield, it is important to improve SG under abiotic stress conditions. Melatonin (MEL) is an important biomolecule that interplays in developmental processes and regulates many adaptive responses in plants, especially under abiotic stresses. Thus, this review specifically summarizes and discusses the mechanistic basis of MEL-mediated SG under abiotic stresses. MEL regulates SG by regulating some stress-specific responses and some common responses. For instance, MEL induced stress specific responses include the regulation of ionic homeostasis, and hydrolysis of storage proteins under salinity stress, regulation of C-repeat binding factors signaling under cold stress, starch metabolism under high temperature and heavy metal stress, and activation of aquaporins and accumulation of osmolytes under drought stress. On other hand, MEL mediated regulation of gibberellins biosynthesis and abscisic acid catabolism, redox homeostasis, and Ca2+ signaling are amongst the common responses. Nonetheless factors such as endogenous MEL contents, plant species, and growth conditions also influence above-mentioned responses. In conclusion, MEL regulates SG under abiotic stress conditions by interacting with different physiological mechanisms.

Melatonin as a key regulator in seed germination under abiotic stress.

Role of ACC deaminase-producing rhizobacteria in alleviation of water stress in watermelon

Luakuliides A–C, cytotoxic labdane diterpenes from a Tongan dictyoceratid sponge

Effects of Different Levels of Water Salinity on Plant Growth, Biochemical Content, and Photosynthetic Activity in Cabbage Seedling Under Water-Deficit Conditions

New diterpenes from the marine pulmonate Trimusculus peruvianus

Pepper is an important variety of vegetable that has economic value in human nutrition in Turkey and in the world. Continuous changes in producer and consumer demands also create a competitive environment in pepper breeding. Green pepper cultivation is generally carried out in greenhouse cultivation, and its cultivation has become widespread in open field conditions. In the study, 8 F1 (G12, G11, K42, B25, L9, Z22, G14 and L10) pepper varieties with superior characteristics were used as plant material. Some plant, leaf and fruit characteristics as well as yield and quality parameters were examined. As a result of the principal components analysis (PCA) made using theese measurements and observations, the study was explained variations in 6 components at a high rate of 97.94%. G11 and G12 cultivar candidates are located in the positive region of both components in the Score plot graph drawn from the first two components which means that these two candidates showed the highest performance among those evaluated ones. These cultivar candidates showed superior characteristics in terms of yield, fruit weight, fruit width, TTS, pH, L and b parameters. It is thought that these cultivar candidates can be grown in open land conditions having semi-arid climates such as Konya and will contribute to the country's agriculture production.

/pdf/determination-of-yield-quality-and-morphological-2m3ghiy6.pdf

Determination of Yield, Quality and Morphological Characteristics of Different Hybrid Pepper Cultivar Candidates in Konya Ecological Conditions

Amaç: Çalışmada, ülkemizin en çok Altınbaş kavun yetiştirme bölgelerinden biri olan Konya'da 85 adet melez kavun çeşidi adayının bazı verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem ve Sonuçlar: Bu çalışma 2021 yılı Mayıs-Ağustos ayları arasında Selçuk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi araştırma ve uygulama arazisinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Denemede bitkisel materyal olarak Antalya’da farklı sebze türlerinde Ar-Ge çalışmaları yürüten Selko-Tarım şirketi tarafından geniş bir genetik havuzun içinden üstün özellikler gösteren geneotiplerde yapılan melezlemeler sonucunda elde edilen 85 adet altınbaş kavun çeşit adayı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda bitki başına verim ile meyve sayısı ve meyve boyu arasında verimi doğrudan etkileyen pozitif bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca meyve sayısındaki artış meyve ağırlığında azalmaya neden olurken, bu iki özellik arasında negatif yüksek korelasyon bulunmuştur.
Genel Yorum: PCA sonucunda 6 bileşende çalışma %75.94 gibi yüksek bir oranda açıklanmıştır. PC3 ve PC4 bileşenlerinin pozitif kesişim noktasında yer alan 73, 61, 35, 27, 23, 18 ve 30 numaralı hibrit kavun çeşidi adaylarının verim ve meyve kalitesi açısından üstün özellikler gösterdiği ve gelecek vaat eden genotipler olduğu belirlendi.
Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Çalışma ile Konya ekolojik koşullarında 85 melez kavun çeşidi adayının bazı verim ve kalite özellikleri ortaya çıkarılmıştır.

/pdf/determination-of-yield-and-quality-characteristics-of-hybrid-1eeuyjl6.pdf

Determination of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Hybrid Melon Cultivar Candidates in Konya Ecology Conditions

Tomato is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world. In this context, intensive tomato breeding studies are carried out around the world and new cultivars are emerging every day, which leads to great competition. In particular, resistance or tolerance levelstolerance levels to some important diseases and pests are considered important in cultivar breeding and in determining the commercial value of cultivars. In this context, the determination of resistance levels to 70 tomatoes, Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato Yellow leaf curling virus (Tylcv), Verticillium wilt, Fusarium oxysporum radicis, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Fusarium Wilt, which have the potential to become parent lines at S8 level due to their agro-morphological characteristics formed the subject of this study. When the results of the study are examined, tomato genotypes showed resistance/sensitive levels according to combinations of alleles as 58 genotypes of RR (homozygous resistant), 10 Rr (heterozygous), 2 rr(sensitive) to Meloidogyne incognita, 45 RR (homozygous resistant), 15 Rr (heterozygous),10 rr (sensitive)to Verticillium dahliae, 10 to, 52 RR (homozygous resistant), 13 Rr (heterozygous), 5 rr (sensitive) to Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus,46 RR (homozygous resistant) 18 Rr (heterozygous), 6 rr (sensitive) to Tomato Yellow leaf Curl Virus, Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium wilt) 49 RR (homozygous resistant), 13 Rr (heterozygous), 8 rr (sensitive), Fusarium oxysporum radicis (Frl) 52 Their resistances were determined as RR (homozygous resistant), 12 Rr (heterozygous), 6 rr (sensitive).



/pdf/determination-of-resistance-levels-of-selected-tomato-3o0ow7ey.pdf

Determination of Resistance Levels of Selected Tomato Genotypes to Meloidogyne incognita, Tomato Yellow Leaf Curling Virus (TYLCV) Verticillium Wilt, Fusarium oxysporum radicis, Fusarium Wilt, Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV)

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