The study on biology and seasonal incidence of shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snell. experiments were conducted during 2014-15. The study on biology of Chilo infuscatellus was conducted in laboratory at Department of Entomology, whereas a field experiment was laid out at Research Farm of S. R. I., Pusa to assess the seasonal incidence of Chilo infuscatellus. The study on biology of sugarcane shoot borer under laboratory conditions revealed that the eggs were oval in shape, dorsoventrally flattened, looked like a scale of fish and were laid in masses on the under surface near to midrib of the leaf. Freshly laid eggs were creamy white in colour, which gradually changed to yellowish. The incubation period varied from 4.35 to 4.45 days (4.4±0.02). The larvae passed through five larval instars to complete the larval period. The total larval period varied from 16.66 to 17.23 days (16.94±0.12). The pupa was obtect type, brownish in colour and its period varied from 6.92 to 7.5 days (7.21±0.13). The male and adult period varied from 3.62 to 3.80 and 4.31 to 4.45 days, respectively. The per cent hatching of Chilo infuscatellus ranges from 78.3 to 92.4 per cent (85.35±3.15). Total life cycle C. infuscatellus from egg to adult emergence varied from 31.95 to 32.82 days (32.28±0.20). The absolute population of shoot borer (larvae) was noticed in the field from 1 fortnight of March, 2014 to 2 fortnight of August. The peak population was recorded in the 1 The mean per cent incidence of shoot borer was recorded from March to (month), harvest of the crop. The maximum (9.32 %) incidence was recorded in the first fortnight of May, 2014 and lowest (1.2 %) incidence recorded in the second fortnight of August, 2014. The maximum temperature showed significant positive correlation with incidence whereas, relative humidity and rainfall were showed negative role. fortnight of May. The relationship between population of insect and weather parameters showed significant positive correlation with maximum temperature i.e., as the temperature increased the corresponding population of insect also increased. Extent of parasitization on shoot borer eggs by Trichogramma chilonis Ishii. was recorded the peak parasitization in the month of May which ranged from 12.3 to 15.6 per cent. The correlation analysis between parasitization and weather parameters, revealed that maximum temperature showed significant positive correlation whereas, relative humidity at 07 00 hrs and rainfall showed significant negative correlation.

Biology and Seasonal Incidence of Shoot borer, Chilo infuscatellus Snellen in Sugarcane.

Evaluasi keberhasilan dan efektivitas pengendalian hayati menggunakan Trichogramma spp. untuk mengendalikan penggerek pucuk dan batang tebu belum pernah dilakukan secara intensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi teknik pengendalian kompleks penggerek tebu dengan pelepasan Trichogramma spp. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pendekatan pengujian keragaan parasitoid telur melalui penghitungan laju reproduksi dan kemampuan parasitisasi parasitoid pada telur Corcyra cephalonica (Stainton), telur inang yang biasa digunakan dalam produksi massal Trichogramma spp. Observasi lapangan dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat parasitisasi telur penggerek pucuk dan batang tebu pada pertanaman tebu dengan dan tanpa pelepasan Trichogramma spp. Observasi ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan telur penggerek pucuk dan penggerek batang tebu dari kedua lahan tersebut dan diamati tingkat parasitisasinya. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa pelepasan Trichogramma chilonis Ishii atau Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead tidak efektif memarasit telur S. excerptalis atau Chilo spp. Parasitisasi 100% telur S. excerptalis dan 77% telur Chilo spp. disebabkan oleh Telenomus sp. Keragaan T. japonicum yang dilepas menunjukkan kebugaran yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, pelepasan Trichogramma spp. untuk mengendalikan kompleks penggerek tebu di Indonesia perlu dipertimbangkan lagi dengan mempertimbangkan spesies parasitoid yang dilepas dan teknik pelepasannya untuk memperoleh pengendalian hayati yang sukses.

/pdf/evaluasi-pelepasan-trichogramma-spp-untuk-pengendalian-232kuc6ysi.pdf

Evaluasi pelepasan Trichogramma spp. untuk pengendalian penggerek pucuk dan batang tebu

Fourty sugarcane genotypes with different period of maturity were evaluated against top borer (Scirpophaga excerptalis Walker) infestation under natural field condition during 2018 and 2019 at National Sugarcane Research Program, Jeetpur, Nepal. The experiment was conducted in alpha-lattice design under natural condition of infestation using Co 0238 as susceptible check. Based on the incidence, 26 genotypes were categorized as less susceptible, eleven genotypes were found moderately susceptible to S. excerptalis. However, among less susceptible genotypes lowest incidence of 3.11 percent was recorded in genotype CoS 8432. Whereas, highest incidence of 25.24 percent was recorded in highly susceptible genotype, CoSe 98255BD 24. Most of the cane genotypes were found low to moderately susceptible, having 5 to 20% incidence of the pest. Whereas, some of the varieties, namely CoH 160 (21.22%), CoSe 95255 BD 24 (25.24%) and BO 150 (22.02%) were found highly susceptible. The mechanism responsible for host plant resistance against top borer is not studied in this experimentation. The study in these aspects is to be conducted to explore the mechanisms of host plant resistance for using these resistant genotypes for breeding purpose.

Screening of sugarcane genotypes against Top Borer (Scirpophaga exerptalis Walker) infestation

The aim of this study was to ensure the systematic protein expression of two genes (GTG and Cry1Ac) under the influence of two different constitutive promoters i.e. Ubiquitin-1 and CaMV 35S promoters in different sugarcane lines. PCR amplification of GTG and Cry1Ac was achieved from putative transgenic plants through gene specific primers. Qualitative comparisons of GTG and Cry1Ac genes expression under two different promoters were obtained through protein dot blot and dipstick assay. The appearance of comparatively dark color dots in dot blot and dark color bands on dipstick with Ubiquitin as compared to light color bands with CaMV35S promoter, qualitatively confirmed high protein expression of two genes under Ubiquitin promoter. In quantitative gene expression comparisons maximum optical density (OD) at 450 nm of UV-light was obtained for GTG (3.7 OD) and Cry1Ac (3 OD) under Ubiquitin promoter, while for GTG (1.6 OD) and Cry1Ac (2.5 OD) with CaMV 35S promoter. The results indicated higher expression of two genes under Ubiquitin-1 promoter in sugarcane was found as compared to CaMV 35S promoter. This study provides a guide for stable and high expression of transgenes with reference to Ubiquitin-1 promoter which can be utilize in sugarcane as well as in other monocots.

Transformation and evaluation of different transgenic lines for Glyphosate tolerance and cane borer resistance genes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)

Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum, L.) is the second major crop of Pakistan. It is not merely a significant sugar crop but also a resource of inclement notes for different agro-based industries in Pakistan. Sugarcane yields have been rigorously abridged in various parts of Asia as attacked by enormous number of insect pests and diseases. Changes in cropping patterns including the cultivation of high yielding varieties and hybrids have added to the problem in some areas. Plant breeding has been successful to some extent in keeping up with new and evolving diseases and pests. Innovation in agronomic practices, advent of chemicals for control, and more recently genetic engineering tools have been providing new opportunities for reduction of crop losses due to biotic pressures. Insect control is even more important as many viral diseases are transmitted by insects.

https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/download/5497/2088

Sugarcane: Diseases Due to Pests, Pest Management Strategies and Factors Influencing the Production of Sugarcane

Incidence and intensity of borer complex infestation on different sugarcane genotypes under agro-climatic conditions of Thatta

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Incidence and intensity of borer complex infestation on different sugarcane genotypes under agro-climatic conditions of Thatta