A technique is described for the measurement of fluid temperatures in microfluidic systems based on temperature-dependent fluorescence. The technique is easy to implement with a standard fluorescence microscope and CCD camera. In addition, the method can be used to measure fluid temperatures with micrometer spatial resolution and millisecond time resolution. The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by measuring temperature distributions resulting from Joule heating in a variety of microfluidic circuits that are electrokinetically pumped. With the equipment used for these measurements, fluid temperatures ranging from room temperature to 90 °C were measured with a precision ranging from 0.03 to 3.5 °Cdependent on the amount of signal averaging done. The spatial and temporal resolutions achieved were 1 μm and 33 ms, respectively.

Temperature measurement in microfluidic systems using a temperature-dependent fluorescent dye.

https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/handle/2066/112339/112339.pdf

Res, an expert system for the set-up and interpretation of a ruggedness test in hplc method validation .1. the ruggedness test in hplc method validation

The Influence of the llgand alkyl chain length, chemically bonded at the &ace of a sllka substrate, on statlonary phase stabilrty In llquld chromatography practlce is revlewed. Several factor$ affecting long-term stability of modern reversed-phase htgh-performance llquld chromatography (RPHPLC) phases are consldered and their lndlvldual contrlbutlons are evaluated In this paper and the following paper In this Issue. Tho stationary phases under study were Identically modifled on the same batch of slllca substrate to ellmlnate dmerences In substrate properties and synthesis conditions. Modtflcatlons with llgand alkyl chain length between C1 and C18 were performed such that an approxknately equal llgand density was obtained for the seven RP-HPLC phases studled. These n-alkyldimethyldloxydlane bonded phases were exposed to sknulated aglng experlments. A subsequent chromatographk characterlzatlon regarding changes In capacity, llp6phlUc and polar sdectlvlty, and slllca degradatlon related separation performance was carried out. Comparison with results determined by other characterization methods, llke bulk analysla, elemental analysls, and solid-date %I crosspolarkatloll magic angle spinnhrg NMR revealed that with longer n-alkyl llgands gradually better substrate shleldlng propertks were obtahd. The llgand alkyl chain length affects the stabllrty of reversed phases to a large extent. Short llgand modM phases changed drastically uslng relatively aggresslve eluents. Organlc modHler rlch eluents comblnsd with longer @and modltled phases are preferable for a longer llfetlme of RP-HPLC columns, especially when aggressive eluents are used.

/pdf/influence-of-alkyl-chain-length-on-the-stability-of-n-alkyl-2inh1bwjpo.pdf

Influence of alkyl chain length on the stability of n-alkyl-modified reversed phases. 1. Chromatographic and physical analysis

Retention prediction of analytes in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography based on molecular structure. V: Cripes (chromatographic retention index prediction expert system)

With capillary electrophoresis, buffer pH must be constant to achieve consistent migration times. Irreproducible separations have been attributed to pH changes due to water hydrolysis in the inlet/outlet vials. A method of measuring the pH of the electrolyte on-column is described that uses wavelength-resolved fluorescence detection. C.SNARF-1 is a fluorescent pH indicator that has a large change in fluorescence emission profile depending on pH. When it is incorporated into the running buffer, monitoring the pH-dependent emission spectra of the C.SNARF-1 allows column pH to be calculated. With reduced-volume outlet buffer vials in the nanoliter to low microliter range, significant changes in pH and column conductivity are measured during a single electrophoretic run, with pH fronts greater than 3 units passing a fixed point on the capillary over a several second period. These changes appear to be caused by reverse-migrating OH- produced at the capillary outlet by the hydrolysis of water.

Dynamic on-column pH monitoring in capillary electrophoresis : Application to volume-limited outlet vials

This paper gives an overview of the structure and processes going on in the project Expert Systems for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), an international project within the ESPRIT research programme of the European Community. The application area, HPLC method development, is explained and broken down into four domains. The methods used for representing knowledge in the project are discussed.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02268159.pdf

Expert systems for chemical-analysis (esprit project 1570)

Given the mobile and the stationary phase and values for the physical parameters such as temperature and pH, a separation can be optimized by varying the so-calledchromatographic parameters. These include the column dimensions, particle size, operating conditions (e.g. flow rate, attenuation) and instrumentation (e.g. detector cell, time constant). Optimization of the chromatographic parameters implies finding the best possible set of values, which we define as yielding (i) sufficient separation and (ii) sufficient sensitivity in (iii) the shortest possible time. Finding the best possible conditions (the global optimum) is very difficult for chromatographers in practice.

An expert system for the optimization of columns, operating conditions and instrumentation for high-pressure liquid chromatography

Expert system for method validation in chromatography

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Expert systems for chemical-analysis (esprit project 1570)

An expert system for the optimization of columns, operating conditions and instrumentation for high-pressure liquid chromatography

Expert system for method validation in chromatography