Tissue engineering has been used to enhance the utility of biomaterials for clinical bone repair by the incorporation of an osteogenic cell source into a scaffold followed by the in vitro promotion of osteogenic differentiation before host implantation. In this study, three-dimensional, partially demineralized bone scaffolds were investigated for their ability to support osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Dynamic cell seeding resulted in homogeneous cell attachment and infiltration within the matrix and produced significantly higher seeding efficiencies when compared with a conventional static seeding method. Dynamically seeded scaffolds were cultured for 7 and 14 days in the presence of dexamethasone and evaluated on biochemical, molecular, and morphological levels for osteogenic differentiation. Significant elevation in alkaline phosphatase activity was observed versus controls over the 14-day culture, with a transient peak indicative of early mineralization ...

Osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells on partially demineralized bone scaffolds in vitro.

Neue Moglichkeiten zur Therapie von Knochendefekten eroffnen sich durch das Tissue Engineering. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie war es, ein ektopes Mausmodell zu etablieren und das lokale Wachstum von humanen mesenchymalen Stammzellen (hMSC) auf der Leitschiene in vivo zu untersuchen. Zudem sollte eine Migration der Zellen in andere Organe ausgeschlossen werden. hMSC (Cambrex, USA) wurden nach Herstellerangaben kultiviert. Nach Beeimpfung von zylinderformigen Leitschienen erfolgte die subkutane Implantation je einer besiedelten und unbesiedelten Leitschiene rechts und links paravertebral in athyme Nacktmause. Nach 2, 4, 8 und 12 Wochen erfolgte die Explantation der Konstrukte sowie der Organe zur immunhistologischen bzw. molekularbiologischen Auswertung. Wir konnten eine gute Integration besiedelter Leitschienen im ektopen Lager aufzeigen und ein Uberleben der hMSC in den Konstrukten uber einen Zeitraum von bis zu 12 Wochen nachweisen. Fur weitere Implantationsversuche ist besonders vielversprechend, dass die Zellen am Implantationsort verweilten und eine unerwunschte Migration ausgeschlossen werden konnte.

Tissue Engineering von Knochen. Integration und Migration von humanen mesenchymalen Stammzellen in besiedelten Konstrukten im Mausmodell.

Tibial plateau fractures with bone loss or significant comminution require grafting and stable fixation. We hypothesized a standardized protocol of internal fixation augmented with a mixture of demineralized bone matrix and corticocancellous allograft chips would result in high healing rates with minimal subsidence. Union was achieved in all 36 patients available for follow-up by a mean of 4.4 months. Mean range of motion was 2 degrees to 120 degrees. One patient developed osteomyelitis. Subsidence ranging from 2.5 to 5.7 mm occurred in 4 patients (11%). This treatment method provides sufficient structural integrity with a high union rate and a low complication rate.

Efficacy of composite allograft and demineralized bone matrix graft in treating tibial plateau fractures with bone loss.

Effects of 20% demineralization on surface physical properties of compact bone scaffold and bone remodeling response at interface after orthotopic implantation

Quantitative scanning acoustic microscopy compared to microradiography for assessment of new bone formation

The problems arising from the transplantation of autogenic and allogenic bone have significantly limited the use of these methods. Hence, there is an ever increasing demand for suitable transplant materials that could be readily available to orthopaedic surgeons throughout the country. Although the advantages of demineralized bone matrix over allogenic cancellous bone have been shown in numerous experimental studies, its broad clinical application has so far been limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the osteogenic properties of partially demineralized bone matrix in clinically relevant and realistic conditions. Tibial defects 5 cm in length in 24 merino sheep were bridged by way of medullary nailing and filled with various preparations of bone matrix. Cortical bone displaying poor vascularization and rotation instability of the osteosynthesis ensured extremely difficult testing conditions for the transplant. Postoperatively, the extent of new bone formation was evaluated by means of regular X-ray examinations over a period of 12-20 weeks. In addition, histological, fluorescent-optical and microradiographic examinations of the final specimen were carried out. Good new bone formation regularly followed the transplantation of partially demineralized bone matrix with a particle size of 750 microns. Complete bridging of the defect was achieved when small amounts of bone marrow were added. The use of bone matrix with a smaller or larger particle size did not influence the rate of new bone formation perceptibly.

Bridging long tibial shaft defects by partially demineralized bone matrix

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Bridging long tibial shaft defects by partially demineralized bone matrix