Advanced oxidation procedures (AOPs) refer to a variety of technical procedures that produce OH radicals to sufficiently oxidize wastewater, organic pollutant streams, and toxic effluents from industrial, hospital, pharmaceutical and municipal wastes. Through the implementation of such procedures, the (post) treatment of such waste effluents leads to products that are more susceptible to bioremediation, are less toxic and possess less pollutant load. The basic mechanism produces free OH radicals and other reactive species such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, etc. A basic classification of AOPs is presented in this short review, analyzing the processes of UV/H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton, ozone-based (O3) processes, photocatalysis and sonolysis from chemical and equipment points of view to clarify the nature of the reactive species in each AOP and their advantages. Finally, combined AOP implementations are favored through the literature as an efficient solution in addressing the issue of global environmental waste management.

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Key Points of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for Wastewater, Organic Pollutants and Pharmaceutical Waste Treatment: A Mini Review

Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and their combined treatments for the removal of insecticides from waters and soils. A review

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) residues are known to occur widely in the aquatic environments of industrialized and developing countries. Considerable progress has been made regarding to study of their exposure and distribution in aquatic environment. The spatial distribution and transformation of PPCPs have been investigated in the aquatic systems of different countries covering the five UN regions. As a result, the objectives of this review are focused on: (a) the global occurrence of PPCPs residues in aquatic systems, particularly in drinking/tap water, surface water, groundwater, and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), (b) widely prescribed pharmaceutical classes such as antibiotics, antidepressants, β-blockers, lipid regulators, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), etc. due to their potential adverse influences on the aquatic ecosystems and human health, (c) the spatial distribution of PPCPs in water bodies based on recently published data, (d) different regions in the world (e.g., USA, China, and Mediterranean basin) as case studies of contaminated areas, (e) the relation of occurrences with specific characteristics of frequently detected compounds, (f) the legislation and regulations implemented by countries/states governments were summarized and discussed, and finally, (g) future perspectives for research on PPCPs in the aquatic environment, which are explained regarded to the research gaps in current knowledge. The findings of this review indicate that the concentrations of PPCPs in the influents and effluents of WWTPs of the selected regions are much higher than in other water matrices. Additionally, there are significant variations in PPCPs concentrations between different countries and regions due to certain reasons. 

Occurrence and spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the aquatic environment, their characteristics, and adopted legislations

Progress of homogeneous and heterogeneous electro-Fenton treatments of antibiotics in synthetic and real wastewaters. A critical review on the period 2017–2021

• A completed review on Fenton like process as a new branch of advanced oxidation processes was performed. • The advantages of Fenton like than traditional Fenton process were described. • A comprehensive review of different non-Iron and effective Fenton catalysts with their reactivity against H 2 O 2 was discussed. • The effect of operational variables in both homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions are investigated. • The standpoints on future research are offered. Demographic changes, sustainable enhancement, accelerated urbanization, climatic fluctuations, scarcity of recourses, and the advent of different kinds of refractory pollutants are some of the major water-related challenges which require to be effectively treated with state-of-the-art methods. In the view of current scenario, the presence of some bio-resistant organic compounds causes a significant restriction for traditional wastewater treatment methods. As an alternative for treating various kinds of liquid wastewaters, Fenton-like and Fenton approaches besides their integration, show a lot of promise. For many Fenton-based processes, different kinds of catalytic iron species have been utilized for in situ generation of OH • through the catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 , which its activation mechanism is significantly related to the catalyst nature and compositions. However, a major challenge for iron-dependent Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) is providing a harsh acidic environment to avoid iron precipitation. In order to overcome this challenge, various iron-free catalysts with different redox states including chromium, copper, silver, cerium, manganese, aluminum, cobalt, ruthenium and polyoxometalates are explored. Hence, this paper comprehensively review aforementioned catalysts mechanisms, their reactivity against H 2 O 2 activation and highlights the practical restrictions that affect their environmental applications. Also, some crucial parameters which governs process efficiency such as temperature, catalyst dosage, H 2 O 2 dosage, and pH in both homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton-like reactions are investigated. Finally, photo-Fenton-like, electro-Fenton-like, cavitation-Fenton-like and microwave-Fenton-like methods for pollutant degradation in wastewater are briefly discussed. 

A critical review in Fenton-like approach for the removal of pollutants in the aqueous environment

A critical review on ibuprofen removal from synthetic waters, natural waters, and real wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes

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A critical review on ibuprofen removal from synthetic waters, natural waters, and real wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes

Fenton, photo-Fenton, electro-Fenton, and their combined treatments for the removal of insecticides from waters and soils. A review

A critical review on ibuprofen removal from synthetic waters, natural waters, and real wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes